
14 Epidemiology of Electromagnetic Fields
Case–Control Studies
Case–control studies use disease-based sampling, that is, groups to be compared are dened
on the basis of disease status. Effect estimates are obtained by relating exposure distribu-
tions among subjects with and without the target condition, or probability of exposure
conditional on disease status. The principal difference between the cohort and case– control
studies is that although a complete roster (“census”) of disease events is used in both
approaches, a case–control study involves only a sample of the subjects free of the outcome
in the study base, whereas a cohort study ext ...