26 Epidemiology of Electromagnetic Fields
A drawback of this approach is that it has been shown that often the relationship between
occupational titles and actual EMF exposure is not very strong or predictable [46].
Nonetheless, rank correlations between the different metrics (arithmetic mean, geometric
mean, median and higher and high and low percentiles of the exposure distributions)
have been shown to be somewhat better [47], whereas also low and high exposed jobs can
be separated [48] to identify these “electrical occupations.” An additional complication of
the use of JEMs is that, initially, JEMs focused on occupations predominantly held by men,
and although more recently they have also included those jobs mostly held by women [3],
no ...