
45Epidemiological Exposure Assessment
In ELF- and RF-EMF research, studies have compared spot measurements with personal
measurements (Forssen etal. 2002, Frei etal. 2010). In practice, as described in Chapter8,
the gold standard may also be subject to uncertainty thus, exact error quantication is
impossible from a theoretical point of view. Nevertheless, estimation of the extent of
exposure assessment error is needed for a proper interpretation of epidemiological study
results.
For exposure estimates on a continuous scale, various comparisons can be done, such
as calculation of the correlation (Pearson or Spearman’s rank correlation) or a ...