Epidemiology of Electromagnetic Fields

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Epidemiological Exposure Assessment

Martin Röösli and Danielle Vienneau

Introduction

A primary objective of epidemiological investigations is to describe an exposure–response

association that is unlikely to be explained by factors other than those under study. Thus,

all epidemiological studies require estimation of exposure. The validity of an environ-

mental epidemiology study is largely determined by the quality of the exposure measure-

ments; likewise, the availability of appropriate exposure assessment methods determines

the design and feasibility of a study. The exposure measure should be biologically relevant

and should also show a range ...