256 Essentials of Cloud Computing
This chapter presents the background and the causes of each of the afore-
mentioned impairments, followed by a comparative study of TCP variants
that aim to overcome these impairments. Although a few other transport
protocols have also been proposed for DCNs, we restrict the scope of this
chapter to TCP variants because TCP is the most widely deployed transport
protocol in modern operating systems.
10.5.1 TCP with Fine-Grained RTO (FG-RTO) [4]
The default value of minimum RTO in TCP is generally in the order of mil-
liseconds (around 200 ms). This value of RTO is suitable for Internet-like sce-
narios where the average RTT is in the order of hundreds of milliseconds.
However, it is signicantly larger than the ...