In Chapter 2, Grokking Ethereum, we discussed the concept of ether and gas (recall the buffet and car-fuel analogy). Smart contracts that are under-optimized consume more gas than necessary. The creator and user of such smart contracts will always be over-charged while deploying and running them on the blockchain. Xiapu Luo et al, a group of blockchain researchers from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and UEST China, have identified seven such gas-costly programming patterns that belong to two categories, as illustrated in Figure 5.5. The first category, useless code pattern, introduces additional gas cost due to the increase in bytecode size during the deployment and the runtime removal of bytecode. The second ...
Smart contract optimization
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