Ethical Hacking: Techniques, Tools, and Countermeasures, 4th Edition
by Michael G. Solomon, Sean-Philip Oriyano
Symmetric Encryption
Symmetric encryption gets its name from the fact that algorithms of this type use the same key to encrypt and decrypt data. When encrypting a given piece of data, there are two main approaches any algorithm can use: stream processing or block processing. Stream ciphers (algorithms that carry out stream processing) operate one bit at a time by applying a pseudorandom key to the plaintext. In a block cipher, data is first divided into fixed lengths, or blocks (often 64 bits). Then, all the bits in a block are transformed by the cipher to produce the ciphertext. The output size of each of these ciphers is the same as the input size, which means they can be used for real-time applications, such as voice and video encryption. ...
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