May 2002
Beginner to intermediate
448 pages
13h 18m
English
Content preview from Geographic Information Systems: An Introduction, 3rd Edition
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14.3 General Arithmetic Operations
Arithmetic operations are performed on both attribute and geometric data. All GISs support the customary arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponential, square root, and the trigonometric functions:
These operators may be used for many purposes, including assigning new thematic codes. Typical examples include:
- Reclassification of soil types, in which areas are to be converted from decares to hectares by dividing all area figures by 10.
- Conversion of distances along roads to driving times, by dividing all distances by a specified average vehicle speed. The result is a new set of attributes that are useful in transportation planning.
Arithmetic functions are used in all geometric computations involving coordinates, as in calculating distances, areas, volumes, and directions.
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