Basic ideas
To make an application scalable, you can choose one of two approaches.
In the first case, you can start more copies of the whole application. You may think it's impossible, but imagine a service that earns money from ads and provides a service to convert images into PDFs. This service can be scaled this way, and you can handle as many requests as the customers need, if you have enough hardware, of course.
The second approach is to split the application into separate services that handle the same types of task, and you can run as many instances of the services as you want. For example, your application is an online store and you have issues with load on servers with images or static assets. This problem is simple to solve, because ...
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