book

JavaScript: The Definitive Guide, 6th Edition

Name: JavaScript: The Definitive Guide, 6th Edition
Author: David Flanagan
ISBN: 9780596805524

by David Flanagan

May 2011

Intermediate to advanced

1096 pages

40h 54m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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JavaScript: The Definitive Guide
Dedication
A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
Preface
Conventions Used in This Book
Example Code
Errata and How to Contact Us
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction to JavaScript
Core JavaScript

Client-Side JavaScript
Example: A JavaScript Loan Calculator
I. Core JavaScript
2. Lexical Structure
Character Set
Case SensitivityWhitespace, Line Breaks, and Format Control CharactersUnicode Escape SequencesNormalization
Comments
Literals
Identifiers and Reserved Words
Reserved Words
Optional Semicolons
3. Types, Values, and Variables
Numbers
Integer LiteralsFloating-Point LiteralsArithmetic in JavaScriptBinary Floating-Point and Rounding ErrorsDates and Times
Text
String LiteralsEscape Sequences in String LiteralsWorking with StringsPattern Matching
Boolean Values
null and undefined
The Global Object
Wrapper Objects
Immutable Primitive Values and Mutable Object References
Type Conversions
Conversions and EqualityExplicit ConversionsObject to Primitive Conversions
Variable Declaration
Repeated and Omitted Declarations
Variable Scope
Function Scope and HoistingVariables As PropertiesThe Scope Chain
4. Expressions and Operators
Primary Expressions
Object and Array Initializers
Function Definition Expressions
Property Access Expressions
Invocation Expressions
Object Creation Expressions
Operator Overview
Number of OperandsOperand and Result TypeLvaluesOperator Side EffectsOperator PrecedenceOperator AssociativityOrder of Evaluation
Arithmetic Expressions
The + OperatorUnary Arithmetic OperatorsBitwise Operators
Relational Expressions
Equality and Inequality OperatorsComparison OperatorsThe in OperatorThe instanceof Operator
Logical Expressions
Logical AND (&&)Logical OR (||)Logical NOT (!)
Assignment Expressions
Assignment with Operation
Evaluation Expressions
eval()Global eval()Strict eval()
Miscellaneous Operators
The Conditional Operator (?:)The typeof OperatorThe delete OperatorThe void OperatorThe Comma Operator (,)
5. Statements
Expression Statements
Compound and Empty Statements
Declaration Statements
varfunction
Conditionals
ifelse ifswitch
Loops
whiledo/whileforfor/inProperty enumeration order
Jumps
Labeled Statementsbreakcontinuereturnthrowtry/catch/finally
Miscellaneous Statements
withdebugger“use strict”
Summary of JavaScript Statements
6. Objects
Creating Objects
Object LiteralsCreating Objects with newPrototypesObject.create()
Querying and Setting Properties
Objects As Associative ArraysInheritanceProperty Access Errors
Deleting Properties
Testing Properties
Enumerating Properties
Property Getters and Setters
Property Attributes
Legacy API for Getters and Setters
Object Attributes
The prototype AttributeThe class AttributeThe extensible Attribute
Serializing Objects
Object Methods
The toString() MethodThe toLocaleString() MethodThe toJSON() MethodThe valueOf() Method
7. Arrays
Creating Arrays
Reading and Writing Array Elements
Sparse Arrays
Array Length
Adding and Deleting Array Elements
Iterating Arrays
Multidimensional Arrays
Array Methods
join()reverse()sort()concat()slice()splice()push() and pop()unshift() and shift()toString() and toLocaleString()
ECMAScript 5 Array Methods
forEach()map()filter()every() and some()reduce(), reduceRight()indexOf() and lastIndexOf()
Array Type
Array-Like Objects
Strings As Arrays
8. Functions
Defining Functions
Nested Functions
Invoking Functions
Function InvocationMethod InvocationConstructor InvocationIndirect Invocation
Function Arguments and Parameters
Optional ParametersVariable-Length Argument Lists: The Arguments ObjectThe callee and caller propertiesUsing Object Properties As ArgumentsArgument Types
Functions As Values
Defining Your Own Function Properties
Functions As Namespaces
Closures
Function Properties, Methods, and Constructor
The length PropertyThe prototype PropertyThe call() and apply() MethodsThe bind() MethodThe toString() MethodThe Function() ConstructorCallable Objects
Functional Programming
Processing Arrays with FunctionsHigher-Order FunctionsPartial Application of FunctionsMemoization
9. Classes and Modules
Classes and Prototypes
Classes and Constructors
Constructors and Class IdentityThe constructor Property
Java-Style Classes in JavaScript
Augmenting Classes
Classes and Types
The instanceof operatorThe constructor propertyThe Constructor NameDuck-Typing
Object-Oriented Techniques in JavaScript
Example: A Set ClassExample: Enumerated TypesStandard Conversion MethodsComparison MethodsBorrowing MethodsPrivate StateConstructor Overloading and Factory Methods
Subclasses
Defining a SubclassConstructor and Method ChainingComposition Versus SubclassingClass Hierarchies and Abstract Classes
Classes in ECMAScript 5
Making Properties NonenumerableDefining Immutable ClassesEncapsulating Object StatePreventing Class ExtensionsSubclasses and ECMAScript 5Property Descriptors
Modules
Objects As NamespacesFunction Scope As a Private Namespace
10. Pattern Matching with Regular Expressions
Defining Regular Expressions
Literal CharactersCharacter ClassesRepetitionNongreedy repetitionAlternation, Grouping, and ReferencesSpecifying Match PositionFlags
String Methods for Pattern Matching
The RegExp Object
RegExp PropertiesRegExp Methods
11. JavaScript Subsets and Extensions
JavaScript Subsets
The Good PartsSubsets for Security
Constants and Scoped Variables
Destructuring Assignment
Iteration
The for/each LoopIteratorsGeneratorsArray ComprehensionsGenerator Expressions
Shorthand Functions
Multiple Catch Clauses
E4X: ECMAScript for XML
12. Server-Side JavaScript
Scripting Java with Rhino
Rhino Example
Asynchronous I/O with Node
Node Example: HTTP ServerNode Example: HTTP Client Utilities Module
II. Client-Side JavaScript
13. JavaScript in Web Browsers
Client-Side JavaScript
JavaScript in Web DocumentsJavaScript in Web Applications
Embedding JavaScript in HTML
The <script> ElementScripts in External FilesScript TypeEvent Handlers in HTMLJavaScript in URLsBookmarklets
Execution of JavaScript Programs
Synchronous, Asynchronous, and Deferred ScriptsEvent-Driven JavaScriptClient-Side JavaScript Threading ModelClient-Side JavaScript Timeline
Compatibility and Interoperability
Compatibility LibrariesGraded Browser SupportFeature TestingQuirks Mode and Standards ModeBrowser TestingConditional Comments in Internet Explorer
Accessibility
Security
What JavaScript Can’t DoThe Same-Origin PolicyRelaxing the same-origin policyScripting Plug-ins and ActiveX ControlsCross-Site ScriptingDenial-of-Service Attacks
Client-Side Frameworks
14. The Window Object
Timers
Browser Location and Navigation
Parsing URLsLoading New Documents
Browsing History
Browser and Screen Information
The Navigator ObjectThe Screen Object
Dialog Boxes
Error Handling
Document Elements As Window Properties
Multiple Windows and Frames
Opening and Closing WindowsClosing windowsRelationships Between FramesJavaScript in Interacting Windows
15. Scripting Documents
Overview of the DOM
Selecting Document Elements
Selecting Elements By IDSelecting Elements by NameSelecting Elements by TypeSelecting Elements by CSS ClassSelecting Elements with CSS Selectorsdocument.all[]
Document Structure and Traversal
Documents As Trees of NodesDocuments As Trees of Elements
Attributes
HTML Attributes As Element PropertiesGetting and Setting Non-HTML AttributesDataset AttributesAttributes As Attr Nodes
Element Content
Element Content As HTMLElement Content As Plain TextElement Content As Text Nodes
Creating, Inserting, and Deleting Nodes
Creating NodesInserting NodesRemoving and Replacing NodesUsing DocumentFragments
Example: Generating a Table of Contents
Document and Element Geometry and Scrolling
Document Coordinates and Viewport CoordinatesQuerying the Geometry of an ElementDetermining the Element at a PointScrollingMore on Element Size, Position and Overflow
HTML Forms
Selecting Forms and Form ElementsForm and Element PropertiesForm and Element Event HandlersPush ButtonsToggle ButtonsText FieldsSelect and Option Elements
Other Document Features
Document PropertiesThe document.write() MethodQuerying Selected TextEditable Content
16. Scripting CSS
Overview of CSS
The CascadeCSS HistoryShortcut PropertiesNonstandard PropertiesCSS Example
Important CSS Properties
Positioning Elements with CSSThe third dimension: z-indexCSS positioning example: Shadowed textBorders, Margins and PaddingThe CSS Box Model and Positioning DetailsThe border-box model and the box-sizing propertyElement Display and VisibilityColor, Transparency, and TranslucencyPartial Visibility: overflow and clipExample: Overlapping Translucent Windows
Scripting Inline Styles
CSS Animations
Querying Computed Styles
Scripting CSS Classes
Scripting Stylesheets
Enabling and Disabling StylesheetsQuerying, Inserting and Deleting Stylesheet RulesCreating New Stylesheets
17. Handling Events
Types of Events
Legacy Event TypesForm eventsWindow eventsMouse eventsKey eventsDOM EventsHTML5 EventsTouchscreen and Mobile Events
Registering Event Handlers
Setting Event Handler PropertiesSetting Event Handler AttributesaddEventListener()attachEvent()
Event Handler Invocation
Event Handler ArgumentEvent Handler ContextEvent Handler ScopeHandler Return ValueInvocation OrderEvent PropagationEvent Cancellation
Document Load Events
Mouse Events
Mousewheel Events
Drag and Drop Events
Text Events
Keyboard Events
18. Scripted HTTP
Using XMLHttpRequest
Specifying the RequestRetrieving the ResponseSynchronous responsesDecoding the responseEncoding the Request BodyForm-encoded requestsJSON-encoded requestsXML-encoded requestsUploading a filemultipart/form-data requestsHTTP Progress EventsUpload progress eventsAborting Requests and TimeoutsCross-Origin HTTP Requests
HTTP by <script>: JSONP
Comet with Server-Sent Events
19. The jQuery Library
jQuery Basics
The jQuery() FunctionQueries and Query Results
jQuery Getters and Setters
Getting and Setting HTML AttributesGetting and Setting CSS AttributesGetting and Setting CSS ClassesGetting and Setting HTML Form ValuesGetting and Setting Element ContentGetting and Setting Element GeometryGetting and Setting Element Data
Altering Document Structure
Inserting and Replacing ElementsCopying ElementsWrapping ElementsDeleting Elements
Handling Events with jQuery
Simple Event Handler RegistrationjQuery Event HandlersThe jQuery Event ObjectAdvanced Event Handler RegistrationDeregistering Event HandlersTriggering EventsCustom EventsLive Events
Animated Effects
Simple EffectsCustom AnimationsThe animation properties objectThe animation options objectCanceling, Delaying, and Queuing Effects
Ajax with jQuery
The load() MethodAjax Utility FunctionsjQuery.getScript()jQuery.getJSON()jQuery.get() and jQuery.post()The jQuery.ajax() FunctionCommon OptionsCallbacksUncommon options and hooksAjax Events
Utility Functions
jQuery Selectors and Selection Methods
jQuery SelectorsSimple selectorsSelector combinationsSelector groupsSelection MethodsUsing a selection as contextReverting to a previous selection
Extending jQuery with Plug-ins
The jQuery UI Library
20. Client-Side Storage
localStorage and sessionStorage
Storage Lifetime and ScopeStorage APIStorage Events
Cookies
Cookie Attributes: Lifetime and ScopeStoring CookiesReading CookiesCookie LimitationsStorage with Cookies
IE userData Persistence
Application Storage and Offline Webapps
The Application Cache ManifestComplex manifestsCache UpdatesOffline Web Applications
21. Scripted Media and Graphics
Scripting Images
Unobtrusive Image Rollovers
Scripting Audio and Video
Type Selection and LoadingControlling Media PlaybackQuerying Media StatusMedia Events
SVG: Scalable Vector Graphics
Graphics in a <canvas>
Drawing Lines and Filling PolygonsGraphics AttributesCanvas Dimensions and CoordinatesCoordinate System TransformsUnderstanding transformations mathematicallyTransformation exampleDrawing and Filling CurvesRectanglesColors, Transparency, Gradients, and PatternsLine Drawing AttributesTextClippingShadowsImagesCompositingPixel ManipulationHit DetectionCanvas Example: Sparklines
22. HTML5 APIs
Geolocation
History Management
Cross-Origin Messaging
Web Workers
Worker ObjectsWorker ScopeWeb Worker Examples
Typed Arrays and ArrayBuffers
Blobs
Files As BlobsDownloading BlobsBuilding BlobsBlob URLsReading Blobs
The Filesystem API
Client-Side Databases
Web Sockets
III. Core JavaScript Reference
I. Core JavaScript Reference
arguments[ ]
Arguments
Arguments.callee
Arguments.length
Array
Array.concat()
Array.every()
Array.filter()
Array.forEach()
Array.indexOf()
Array.join()
Array.lastIndexOf()
Array.length
Array.map()
Array.pop()
Array.push()
Array.reduce()
Array.reduceRight()
Array.reverse()
Array.shift()
Array.slice()
Array.some()
Array.sort()
Array.splice()
Array.toLocaleString()
Array.toString()
Array.unshift()
Boolean
Boolean.toString()
Boolean.valueOf()
Date
Date.getDate()
Date.getDay()
Date.getFullYear()
Date.getHours()
Date.getMilliseconds()
Date.getMinutes()
Date.getMonth()
Date.getSeconds()
Date.getTime()
Date.getTimezoneOffset()
Date.getUTCDate()
Date.getUTCDay()
Date.getUTCFullYear()
Date.getUTCHours()
Date.getUTCMilliseconds()
Date.getUTCMinutes()
Date.getUTCMonth()
Date.getUTCSeconds()
Date.getYear()
Date.now()
Date.parse()
Date.setDate()
Date.setFullYear()
Date.setHours()
Date.setMilliseconds()
Date.setMinutes()
Date.setMonth()
Date.setSeconds()
Date.setTime()
Date.setUTCDate()
Date.setUTCFullYear()
Date.setUTCHours()
Date.setUTCMilliseconds()
Date.setUTCMinutes()
Date.setUTCMonth()
Date.setUTCSeconds()
Date.setYear()
Date.toDateString()
Date.toGMTString()
Date.toISOString()
Date.toJSON
Date.toLocaleDateString()
Date.toLocaleString()
Date.toLocaleTimeString()
Date.toString()
Date.toTimeString()
Date.toUTCString()
Date.UTC()
Date.valueOf()
decodeURI()
decodeURIComponent()
encodeURI()
encodeURIComponent()
Error
Error.message
Error.name
Error.toString()
escape()
eval()
EvalError
Function
Function.apply()
Function.arguments[]
Function.bind()
Function.call()
Function.caller
Function.length
Function.prototype
Function.toString()
Global
Infinity
isFinite()
isNaN()
JSON
JSON.parse()
JSON.stringify()
Math
Math.abs()
Math.acos()
Math.asin()
Math.atan()
Math.atan2()
Math.ceil()
Math.cos()
Math.E
Math.exp()
Math.floor()
Math.LN10
Math.LN2
Math.log()
Math.LOG10E
Math.LOG2E
Math.max()
Math.min()
Math.PI
Math.pow()
Math.random()
Math.round()
Math.sin()
Math.sqrt()
Math.SQRT1_2
Math.SQRT2
Math.tan()
NaN
Number
Number.MAX_VALUE
Number.MIN_VALUE
Number.NaN
Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
Number.toExponential()
Number.toFixed()
Number.toLocaleString()
Number.toPrecision()
Number.toString()
Number.valueOf()
Object
Object.constructor
Object.create()
Object.defineProperties()
Object.defineProperty()
Object.freeze()
Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor()
Object.getOwnPropertyNames()
Object.getPrototypeOf()
Object.hasOwnProperty()
Object.isExtensible()
Object.isFrozen()
Object.isPrototypeOf()
Object.isSealed()
Object.keys()
Object.preventExtensions()
Object.propertyIsEnumerable()
Object.seal()
Object.toLocaleString()
Object.toString()
Object.valueOf()
parseFloat()
parseInt()
RangeError
ReferenceError
RegExp
RegExp.exec()
RegExp.global
RegExp.ignoreCase
RegExp.lastIndex
RegExp.source
RegExp.test()
RegExp.toString()
String
String.charAt()
String.charCodeAt()
String.concat()
String.fromCharCode()
String.indexOf()
String.lastIndexOf()
String.length
String.localeCompare()
String.match()
String.replace()
String.search()
String.slice()
String.split()
String.substr()
String.substring()
String.toLocaleLowerCase()
String.toLocaleUpperCase()
String.toLowerCase()
String.toString()
String.toUpperCase()
String.trim()
String.valueOf()
SyntaxError
TypeError
undefined
unescape()
URIError
IV. Client-Side JavaScript Reference
II. Client-Side JavaScript Reference
ApplicationCache
ArrayBuffer
ArrayBufferView
Attr
Audio
BeforeUnloadEvent
Blob
BlobBuilder
Button
Canvas
CanvasGradient
CanvasPattern
CanvasRenderingContext2D
ClientRect
CloseEvent
Comment
Console
ConsoleCommandLine
CSS2Properties
CSSRule
CSSStyleDeclaration
CSSStyleSheet
DataTransfer
DataView
Document
DocumentFragment
DocumentType
DOMException
DOMImplementation
DOMSettableTokenList
DOMTokenList
Element
ErrorEvent
Event
EventSource
EventTarget
FieldSet
File
FileError
FileReader
FileReaderSync
Form
FormControl
FormData
FormValidity
Geocoordinates
Geolocation
GeolocationError
Geoposition
HashChangeEvent
History
HTMLCollection
HTMLDocument
HTMLElement
HTMLFormControlsCollection
HTMLOptionsCollection
IFrame
Image
ImageData
Input
jQuery
KeyEvent
Label
Link
Location
MediaElement
MediaError
MessageChannel
MessageEvent
MessagePort
Meter
MouseEvent
Navigator
Node
NodeList
Option
Output
PageTransitionEvent
PopStateEvent
ProcessingInstruction
Progress
ProgressEvent
Screen
Script
Select
Storage
StorageEvent
Style
Table
TableCell
TableRow
TableSection
Text
TextArea
TextMetrics
TimeRanges
TypedArray
URL
Video
WebSocket
Window
Worker
WorkerGlobalScope
WorkerLocation
WorkerNavigator
XMLHttpRequest
XMLHttpRequestUpload
Index
About the Author
Colophon
Copyright

Content preview from JavaScript: The Definitive Guide, 6th Edition

Name

Array.toLocaleString() — convert an array to a localized string

Inherits from

Overrides Object.toLocaleString()

Synopsis

array.toLocaleString()

Returns

A localized string representation of array.

Throws

TypeError: If this method is invoked on an object that is not an Array.

Description

The toLocaleString() method of an array returns a localized string representation of an array. It does this by calling the toLocaleString() method of all of the array elements, then concatenating the resulting strings using a locale-specific separator character.