1.1 Review of Electromagnetic Field Theory1.1.1 Poisson, Laplace, and Helmholtz Equations1.1.2 Boundary Conditions1.1.3 Energy Relations1.1.4 Resistor, Inductor, and Capacitor1.2 Forces in Electromagnetic Fields of Primitive LEMs1.3 Magnetic, Electric, and Insulation Materials for LEMs1.3.1 Soft Magnetic Materials1.3.2 Permanent Magnets1.3.3 Magnetic Core Losses1.4 Electric Conductors and Their Skin Effects1.5 Insulation Materials for LEMs1.5.1 Piezoelectric and Magnetostriction Effect Materials in LEMs1.6 Magnetostriction Effect LEMs1.7 Methods of Approach1.8 SummaryReferences