PART IV

Machining Processes and Machine Tools

Parts made by the casting, forming, and shaping processes described in Parts II and III often require further operations before they are ready for use. Consider, for example, the following features and whether they could be produced by the processes described thus far:

  • Smooth and shiny surfaces, such as the bearing surfaces of the crankshaft shown in Fig. IV.1.
  • Small-diameter and deep holes in a part, such as the injector nozzle shown in Fig. IV.2.
  • Parts with sharp features, a threaded section, or specified close dimensional tolerances, such as the part shown in Fig. IV.3.
  • A threaded hole or holes on different surfaces of a part, for assembly with other components.
  • Complex geometries, often in hard ...

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