1.1 Introduction1.2 Digital versus Analog Quantities1.3 Digital Numbering System (Base 10)1.4 Binary Numbering System (Base 2)1.5 Octal Numbering System (Base 8)1.6 Hexadecimal Numbering System (Base 16)1.7 Binary-Coded-Decimal System1.8 Binary Conversions1.9 Binary Operations1.9.1 Binary Addition1.9.2 Binary Subtraction1.9.3 Binary Multiplication1.9.4 Binary Division1.10 Octal Conversions1.11 Hexadecimal Conversions1.12 Hexadecimal Operations1.12.1 Hexadecimal Addition1.12.2 Hexadecimal Subtraction1.13 1’s and 2’s Complements of Binary Numbers1.13.1 Finding the 1’s Complement1.13.2 Finding the 2’s Complement1.14 Signed Numbers1.14.1 The Sign Bit1.14.2 Sign-Magnitude Form1.14.3 1’s Complement Form1.14.4 2’s Complement Form1.15 The ASCII Code1.16 SummaryGlossaryAnswers to Section Review QuizTrue/False QuizQuestionsProblems