Conventions Used in This Book

We use the following font conventions in this book:

Italic is used for:

  • Pathnames, filenames, and program names

  • Internet addresses, such as domain names and URLs

  • New terms where they are defined

Constant width is used for:

  • Command lines and options that should be typed verbatim

  • Direct quotes and specific method names from code examples, as well as specific values for attributes and settings within code

  • XML element tags

Constant width bold is used for:

  • User input in code that should be typed verbatim

  • Items in code to which we’d like to draw the reader’s attention

Constant width italic is used for replaceable items in code, which should be replaced with the appropriate terms.

In code syntax examples, we occasionally use [ value ] + to represent one or more instances of a value and [ value ] * to mean zero or more instances of a value.

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