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Unconventional speakers
Orthodynamic drive This has a diaphragm driver similar to
an electrostatic, but impelled by a magnetic field instead of
electrostatic force. It thus has the advantage of an electrostatic
without the need for high polarising voltage and risk of flash-
overs.
The plastic diaphragm has a pattern of copper or
aluminium conductors etched by printed circuit techniques.
The magnetic field is produced either by short individual bar
magnets, or ceramic magnetic material plates with holes, and
zones magnetised between them. The magnets or plates are
mounted either side of the diaphragm with the poles facing it,
alternate pole ...