August 2017
Intermediate to advanced
272 pages
5h 32m
Chinese
Content preview from Node.js物聯網裝置開發
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第二章 Arduino 閃爍燈光
或者，若想
寫出
資料到別台裝置，則要把腳位設為
輸出
模式：
board.pinMode(12, board.MODES.OUTPUT);
切換數位腳位的狀態、切換為 HIGH 高電壓，寫法如下：
board.digitalWrite(13, board.HIGH);
若要輸出低電壓，則這麼寫：
board.digitalWrite(13, board.LOW);
除了簡單的輸出入功能，Arduino 腳位通常還提供了其他功能，意思是說，你不僅能
夠讀取（或寫入）數位狀態，也能啟動特殊形式的傳輸訊號，例如 PWM 和硬體傳輸
協定。
當晶片上不同的部分都使用相同的腳位時，我們稱之為「多工（multiplexing）」腳位功
能。由微控制器晶片架構定義其運作細節。接下來，讓我們深入微控制器晶片的各個功
能區塊，首先是它的 CPU。
微控制器 vs 微處理器
微控制器提供腳位，讓我們連接到其他電子零件、組成電路，在那之上，微控制器還能
藉由 CPU 來執行程式。微控制器的規格書，應含有所有細節資訊，底下列出其中最為
重要的規格：
• 記憶體容量（揮發性、非揮發性），儲存變數與程式碼
• 指令集種類，執行程式碼、存取變數、各種操作動作
• 計時器，以高時序準確度改變腳位狀態
• 耗電功率，視運作時脈頻率而定
與較大台的電腦的 CPU 相比，上述規格讓微控制器適合用於嵌入式系統、適合用於只
有電池供電的情境。更甚者，微控制器的價格，遠遠低於微處理器（不過，微處理器因
為需求量極大，所以也越來越便宜） ...
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