PostgreSQL 11 Administration Cookbook
by Simon Riggs, Gianni Ciolli, Sudheer Kumar Meesala, Sheldon Strauch
Scalability tools
Many PostgreSQL users have designed applications that scale naturally by routing database requests based on the client number or a similar natural sharding key. This is what we call manual sharding at the application level.
For PostgreSQL 11 and earlier versions, PostgreSQL does not directly support features for automatic write scalability, such as sharding. This is an active area of work, and much will change in this area, though it may take some time.
Postgres-XL provides automatic hash sharding and is currently the most complete open source implementation that allows automatic write scalability at the database level.
PL/Proxy provides a mature mechanism for database scalability. It was originally designed for Skype, but ...
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