April 2025
Intermediate to advanced
380 pages
10h 16m
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil)
Content preview from Python robusto
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Capítulo 4. Tipos de restrições
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Muitos programadores aprendem as anotações de tipo básicas e ficam por aí. Mas estamos longe de ter terminado. Há uma grande quantidade de anotações de tipo avançadas que são inestimáveis. Essas anotações de tipo avançadas permitem que tu restrinjas os tipos, restringindo ainda mais o que eles podem representar. O teu objetivo é fazer com que estados ilegais não possam ser representados. Os programadores não devem fisicamente ser capazes de criar tipos que são contraditórios ou inválidos no teu sistema. Não podes ter erros no teu código se for impossível criar o erro em primeiro lugar. Podes usar anotações de tipo para atingir este objetivo, poupando tempo e dinheiro. Neste capítulo, vou ensinar-te seis técnicas diferentes:
Optional-
Utiliza para substituir as referências
Nonena tua base de código. Union-
Utiliza para apresentar uma seleção de tipos.
Literal-
Utiliza para restringir os programadores a valores muito específicos.
Annotated-
Utiliza para fornecer uma descrição adicional dos teus tipos.
NewType-
Utiliza para restringir um tipo a um contexto específico.
Final-
Utiliza para evitar que as variáveis sejam rebatidas para um novo valor.
Começa por tratar as referências None com os tipos Optional.
Tipo opcional
As referências nulas são frequentemente referidas como o "erro de mil milhões de dólares", cunhado por ...
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