April 2025
Intermediate to advanced
380 pages
10h 16m
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil)
Content preview from Python robusto
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Capítulo 8. Tipos definidos pelo utilizador: Enums
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Neste capítulo, vou centrar-me no que é um tipo definido pelo utilizador e abordar o tipo de dados definido pelo utilizador mais simples: as enumerações. Discutirei como criar uma enumeração que protegerá o teu código de erros de programação comuns. Em seguida, abordarei funcionalidades avançadas que te permitem exprimir as tuas ideias de forma mais clara, como criar aliases, tornar as enumerações únicas ou fornecer valores gerados automaticamente.
Tipos definidos pelo utilizador
Um tipo definido pelo utilizador é um tipo que tu, como programador, crias. Define que dados estão associados ao tipo e que comportamentos estão associados ao seu tipo. Cada um destes tipos deve estar associado a um conceito singular. Isto ajudará outros programadores a construir modelos mentais sobre a tua base de código.
Por exemplo, se eu estiver a escrever sistemas de pontos de venda de restaurantes, esperaria encontrar conceitos sobre o domínio dos restaurantes na tua base de código. Conceitos como restaurantes, itens de menu e cálculos de impostos devem ser naturalmente representados em código. Se, em vez disso, usasse listas, dicionários e tuplas, obrigaria os meus leitores a reinterpretar constantemente o significado das variáveis para os seus mapeamentos mais naturais.
Considera uma função simples que calcula um total com imposto. ...
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