R Programming By Example

Logicals

Logical vectors contain Boolean values, which can only be TRUE or FALSE. When you want to create logical variables with such values, you must avoid using quotation marks around them and remember that they are all capital letters, as shown here. When programming in R, logical values are commonly used to test a condition, which is in turn used to decide which branch from a complex program we should take. We will look at examples for this type of behavior in a later section in this chapter:

x <- TRUE

In R, you can easily convert values among different types with the as.*() functions, where * is used as a wildcard which can be replaced with character, numeric, or logical to convert among these types. The functions work by receiving an ...