Conventions Used in This Book
The following conventions are used in this book:
Italic is used for file and directory names and for URLs. It is also used to emphasize new terms and concepts when they are introduced.
Constant Width is used for code examples and system
output.
Constant
Width Italic
is used in examples for variable
input or output (e.g., a filename).
Constant Width Bold is used
in examples for user input.
Underlining is used occasionally in examples to highlight code being discussed.
Strike-through is used in examples to show input typed by the user that is not echoed by the computer. This is mainly for passwords and passphrases that are typed.
CTRL-X or ^X indicates the use of control characters. It means hold down the CONTROL key while typing the character “X”.
All command examples are followed by RETURN unless otherwise indicated.
Tip
Indicates a tip, suggestion, or general note.
Warning
Indicates a warning or caution.
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