
Health economic evaluation in practice 173
Yes
(p
1
)
Cost with NIs +
cost influenza
Yes Influenza?
No
(1 − p
1
)
Cost with NIs
Prophylactic NIs?
Yes
(p
0
)
Cost influenza
No Influenza?
No
(1 − p
0
)
Cost with no NIs
FIGURE 5.6
The model for the prophylactic use of NIs in influenza. For each clinical sce-
nario, the cost is determined by the use of the relevant resources. The proba-
bility of the outcome (influenza) varies with the intervention.
studies is considered to evaluate the incidence of influenza in healthy adults,
under the status quo. Then, the actual effectiveness of NIs in reducing the
incidence of influenza (against no treatment) is evaluated by establishing a
model to ...