book

Computer Graphics

by Alexey Boreskov, Evgeniy Shikin

October 2013

Intermediate to advanced

568 pages

11h 40m

English

Chapman and Hall/CRC

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Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Foreword
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction: Basic concepts
1.1 Coordinate spaces, transformations1.2 Graphics pipeline1.3 Working with the windowing system1.4 Colors: Color models1.5 Raster algorithms1.6 Hidden surface removal1.7 Lighting models and shading

2 Transforms in 2D
2.1 Vectors and matrices2.2 Transforms in 2D2.3 Basic linear transformations2.3.1 Scale transformation2.3.2 Reflect transformation2.3.3 Rotate transformation2.3.4 Shear transformation2.3.5 Composite transformations2.4 Homogeneous coordinates
3 Geometric algorithms in 2D
3.1 Line from two points3.2 Classification of a point relative to the line3.3 Classification of a circle relative to the line3.4 Classification of an Axis-Aligned Bounding Box (AABB) relative to the line3.5 Computing the area of triangle and polygon3.6 Intersection of two lines3.7 Intersection of two line segments3.8 Closest point on the line to the given point3.9 Distance from point to line segment3.10 Checking whether the given polygon is convex3.11 Check whether the point lies inside the given polygon3.12 Clipping line segment to a convex polygon, Cyrus-Beck algorithm3.13 Clipping a polygon: Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm3.14 Clipping a polygon to a convex polygon3.15 Barycentric coordinates
4 Transformations in 3D, projections, quaternions
4.1 3D vectors and matrices: Dot and vector (cross) products4.2 Linear transformations – scale, reflection, rotation and shear4.3 Reflection relative to a plane4.4 Rotation around an arbitrary vector (direction)4.5 Euler transformation4.6 Translation, affine transformation and homogeneous coordinates4.7 Rigid-body transformation4.8 Normal transformation4.9 Projections4.9.1 Parallel (orthographic) projection4.9.2 Perspective projection4.10 Coordinate systems in 3D, translations between different coordinate systems4.11 Quaternions: Representation of orientation in 3D using quaternions, quaternion interpolation
5 Basic raster algorithms
5.1 Raster grid, connectivity of raster grid, 4-connectivity and 8-connectivity5.2 Bresenheim’s line algorithm5.3 Bresenheim’s circle algorithm5.4 Triangle filling5.5 Flood fill algorithm
6 Color and color models
6.1 CIEXY Z color space6.2 RGB color space6.3 CMY and CMYK color spaces6.4 HSV and HSL color spaces6.4.1 HSV color model6.4.2 HSL color model6.5 Gamma correction6.6 Yuv and YCBCR color spaces6.6.1 Y′uυ color space6.6.2 Y′CbCr color space6.7 Perceptually uniform color spaces, L*u*v* and L*a*b* color spaces6.8 sRGB color space
7 Basics freeglut and GLEW for OpenGL rendering
7.1 freeglut initialization7.2 Window creation7.3 Processing events7.4 Using the GLEW library7.5 Wrapping freeglut in a C++ class
8 Hidden surface removal
8.1 Basic notions8.1.1 Front-facing and back-facing polygons8.1.2 Depth complexity8.1.3 Coherence8.1.4 Occluders8.2 Ray casting8.3 z-buffer8.4 Hierarchical z-buffer8.5 Priority algorithms8.5.1 Painter’s algorithm8.5.2 Using BSP-trees for HSR8.6 Portals8.7 Potentially-Visible Sets (PVS), computing PVS via portals8.8 Hardware occlusion queries and their usage
9 Modern OpenGL: The beginning
9.1 History of OpenGL9.2 Main concepts of OpenGL9.3 Programmable pipeline9.3.1 Vertex processing9.3.2 Rasterization9.3.3 Fragment processing9.3.4 Per-fragment operations9.4 Our first OpenGL program9.5 First OpenGL program using C++ classes9.6 Parameter interpolation9.7 Matrix operations9.8 Rotating the object by mouse9.9 Working with meshes9.10 Working with textures9.11 Instancing9.12 Framebuffer object and rendering into a texture9.13 Point sprite in OpenGL
10 Working with large 2D/3D data sets
10.1 Bounding volumes10.1.1 Axis-Aligned Bounding Box (AABB)10.1.2 Sphere10.1.3 k-DOP10.1.4 Oriented Bounding Box (OBB)10.2 Regular grids10.3 Nested (hierarchical) grids10.4 Quad-trees and Oct-trees10.5 kD-tree10.6 Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) tree10.7 Bounding Volume Hierarchy (BVH)10.8 R-trees10.9 Mixed structures
11 Curves and surfaces: Geometric modeling
11.1 Representation of curves and surfaces11.2 Elements of differential geometry, tangent space, curvature11.2.1 Differential geometry of curves11.2.2 Differential geometry of surfaces11.3 Bezier and Hermite curves and surfaces11.3.1 Bezier curves11.3.2 Hermite curves11.3.3 Bezier surfaces11.3.4 Hermite surfaces11.4 Interpolation11.5 Splines11.5.1 B-splines11.5.2 NURBS11.5.3 Catmull-Rom splines11.6 Surfaces of revolution11.7 Subdivision of curves and surfaces11.7.1 Curve subdivision11.7.2 Surface subdivision
12 Basics of animation
12.1 Coordinates interpolation12.2 Orientation interpolation12.3 Key-frame animation12.4 Skeletal animation12.5 Path following
13 Lighting models
13.1 Diffuse (Lambert) model13.2 Phong model13.3 Blinn-Phong model13.4 Ward isotropic model13.5 Minnaert lighting13.6 Lommel-Seeliger lighting13.7 Rim lighting13.8 Distance attenuation13.9 Reflection, Fresnel coefficient and its approximations13.10 Strauss lighting model13.11 Anisotropic lighting13.11.1 Ward anisotropic model13.12 Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function (BRDF)13.13 Oren-Nayar model13.14 Cook-Torrance model13.15 Ashikhmin-Shirley model13.16 Image-Based Lighting (IBL)13.17 Spherical harmonics and their usage for lighting
14 Advanced OpenGL
14.1 Implementation of lighting models14.1.1 Lambert model14.1.2 Phong lighting model14.1.3 Blinn-Phong lighting model14.1.4 Strauss lighting model14.1.5 Normalized Phong and Blinn-Phong models14.1.6 Oren-Nayar lighting model14.1.7 Cook-Torrance lighting model14.1.8 Ashikhmin-Shirley lighting model14.2 Geometry shaders14.3 Transform feedback14.4 Multiple Render Targets (MRT)14.5 Uniform blocks and uniform buffers14.6 Tessellation14.7 OpenGL ES 214.8 WebGL
15 GPU image processing
15.1 Sampling, aliasing, filters15.2 Sepia effect15.3 Effects based on color transformations15.4 Edge detect filters15.5 Emboss filter15.6 Blur filters, Gaussian blur, separable filters15.7 Old-film effect15.8 Sharpness filter15.9 Image denoising, bilateral filter
16 Special effects in OpenGL
16.1 Reflections16.2 Volumetric/Layered fog16.3 Billboards, particle systems, soft particles16.4 Bumpmapping16.5 Reflection and refraction, environment mapping16.6 Fur rendering16.7 Parallax, relief and cone step mapping16.8 Sky rendering, Perez all-weather model16.9 Screen-Space Ambient Occlusion (SSAO)16.10 Modeling depth of field16.11 High Dynamic Range (HDR) rendering16.12 Realistic water rendering16.13 Deferred rendering16.14 Light prepass rendering16.15 Ambient cubes16.16 Reflective shadow maps16.17 Splatting indirect illumination
17 Basics of GPGPU
17.1 What is GPGPU?17.2 Basics of OpenCL17.3 Basics of CUDA17.4 Basics of linear algebra in OpenCL17.5 OpenCL – OpenGL interoperability
18 Elements of procedural texturing and modeling
18.1 Fractals, Mandelbrot and Julia sets18.2 Fractal mountains18.3 L-systems18.4 Perlin noise, turbulence, fBm18.5 Modeling marble, water, clouds with Perlin noise18.6 Cellular textures
19 Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR)
19.1 Cartoon rendering19.2 Extended cartoon rendering19.3 Gooch lighting model19.4 Watercolor rendering
Index

Content preview from Computer Graphics

Chapter 13 Lighting models

13.1 Diffuse (Lambert) model

13.2 Phong model

13.3 Blinn-Phong model

13.4 Ward isotropic model

13.5 Minnaert lighting

13.6 Lommel-Seeliger lighting

13.7 Rim lighting

13.8 Distance attenuation

13.9 Reflection, Fresnel coefficient and its approximations

13.10 Strauss lighting model

13.11 Anisotropic lighting

13.11.1 Ward anisotropic model

13.12 Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function (BRDF)

13.13 Oren-Nayar model

13.14 Cook-Torrance model

13.15 Ashikhmin-Shirley model

13.16 Image-Based Lighting (IBL)

13.17 Spherical harmonics and their usage for lighting

Lighting plays a great role in defining how objects will look. The more lighting details we are able to capture the more realistic objects ...

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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9781482215571

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Computer Graphics

by Alexey Boreskov, Evgeniy Shikin

Chapter 13

Lighting models

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