Abstract structures such as lists, stacks, and queues are linear in nature. Only one relationship in the data is being modeled. Items are next to each other in a list or are next to each other in terms of time in a stack or queue. Depicting more complex relationships requires more complex structures. Take, for example, an animal hierarchy. General classification occurs at higher levels and the labels get more specific as you move down. Each node could have many below it (FIGURE 8.5).
FIGURE 8.5 An animal hierarchy forms a tree
Such hierarchical structures are called trees, and there is a rich mathematical theory relating to them. ...
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