The HACKER planning system [Sussman 73] used information about failures in
plans to improve them. Knowledge about failures was encoded in Critics, that watch
for occurrences of known types of bugs in plans as they are being developed, and in a
plan simulator that watches for failures during simulated plan execution.
In Robotics the work of Gini and Gini [Gini 83] specifically addresses failure
handling while executing robot programs. Their approach has many similarities to
ours.
They use Sensor Interpretation Rules in order to discover what error occurred
(similar to Failure Handlers) and Recovery Rules to control the return to a normal
state ...
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