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Chapter 4
Pre 9/11
e rst edition of this book was written through the period up to 2002 and was
published in 2002. e terrible tragedy of 9/11 took place in the nal stages of the
completion of the book. At the time of writing of the rst edition, no one realized
the profound eect on many aspects of life in the United States and around the
world that the attacks of 9/11 would have, and it is understandable that in light of
the attacks, the focus for security changed totally.
is chapter gives a condensed review of information warfare as it was under-
stood before that hugely signicant event and then goes on to look at the impact
that the ...