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Chapter 7
Nation-State Defensive
and Offensive
Information Warfare
Capabilities: Middle
East Nation-States
In the Middle East, the two countries that were considered to have the greatest
information warfare (IW) capabilities were Iran and Israel. While other countries,
particularly Syria, have been active in the cyber arena since the Arab Spring events
that started at the end of 2010, the ongoing war there and the rise of the Islamic
State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) have resulted in the disruption of many of the state
organizations in the region. As a result, there is little information as to the current
state of information operations (IO) de ...