High-Speed Devices and Circuits with THz Applications

6   40/100 GbE Physical Layer Connectivity for Servers and Data Centers

Yongmao Frank Chang*

CONTENTS

6.1   Introduction

6.1.1   Historical Background

6.1.2   Transceiver Evolution

6.1.3   100 G Transceiver Applications from Data Center to the Core

6.2   Market Drivers and Requirements

6.2.1   Maximizing Port Density

6.2.2   Network Latency

6.2.3   Spectral Efficiency

6.3   40/100 G System Architecture and Principles

6.3.1   40/100 GbE Standardization

6.3.2   ITU-T OTU4

6.3.3   100 G Transport

6.4   40/100 G Transceiver Technologies

6.4.1   Client MSA Modules

6.4.2   Line-Side MSA Nodules

6.5   Enabling High-Speed Physical Layer Electronics

6.5.1   25 G Signaling and EDC

6.5.1.1   28 G-VSR Channel Model

6.5.1.2   Signaling and Equalization