Skip to Content
精通特征工程
book

精通特征工程

by Alice Zheng, Amanda Casari
April 2019
Intermediate to advanced
172 pages
4h 39m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from 精通特征工程
148
附录
A
举个例子,如图
A-4
所示,一个
3
×
2
的矩阵可以将一个二维正方形转换为三维空间中的
菱形。它将输入空间中的每个向量进行了旋转和拉伸,在输出空间形成了新的向量。
二维到三维的矩阵变换
矩阵
A-4:二维到三维的矩阵变换
A.2.1
 从向量到子空间
为了理解线性算子,必须看看它是如何将输入转换为输出的。幸运的是,我们不用每次只
分析一个输入向量。向量可以构成子空间,
线性算子可以操作向量子空间
子空间是满足两个条件的一组向量。首先,如果它包含一个向量,那么就包含从原点到这
个点的直线。其次,如果它包含两个点,那么就包含这两个向量的所有线性组合。线性组
合是两种类型操作的组合:用标量乘以向量,以及两个向量相加。
子空间的一个重要特性是
,或称维度,它是这个空间中自由度的度量。直线的秩是
1
,二
维平面的秩是
2
,以此类推。如果你能想象出多维空间中一只多维度的鸟,那么子空间的秩
就可以告诉我们这只鸟可以沿着多少个“独立的”方向自由飞翔。这里的“独立”指的是
“线性独立”:如果一个向量不能表示成另一个向量与一个常数的乘积形式,就可以说这两
个向量是线性独立的(也就是说,这两个向量的方向不是完全相同,也不是完全相反)。
子空间可以定义为一组
基向量
的张成。(张成是个技术术语,用来描述由一组向量的所有
线性组合构成的集合。)一组向量的张成就是它的线性组合(因为就是这么定义的)。所
以,如果我们有一组基向量,就可以用任意非零常数乘以这些向量,或把它们相加,得到
另一组基。
如果有更加唯一和可识别的基来描述子空间,那将是非常好的。由一组单位长度而且彼此 ...
Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.

Read now

Unlock full access

More than 5,000 organizations count on O’Reilly

AirBnbBlueOriginElectronic ArtsHomeDepotNasdaqRakutenTata Consultancy Services

QuotationMarkO’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.
Julian F.
Head of Cybersecurity
QuotationMarkI wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.
Addison B.
Field Engineer
QuotationMarkI’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.
Amir M.
Data Platform Tech Lead
QuotationMarkI'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.
Mark W.
Embedded Software Engineer

You might also like

精通機器學習

精通機器學習

Aurélien Géron

Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787115509680