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精通特征工程
book

精通特征工程

by Alice Zheng, Amanda Casari
April 2019
Intermediate to advanced
172 pages
4h 39m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from 精通特征工程
150
附录
A
线性独立
x
y
是线性独立的,如果对任意标量常数
c
都有
x
c
y
内积
<
x
,
y
> =
x
1
y
1
+
x
2
y
2
+
+
x
n
y
n
正交向量
两个向量
x
y
是正交的,如果
<
x
,
y
> = 0
子空间
一个更大向量空间中的向量子集,满足以下
3
个条件。
(1)
包含
0
向量。
(2)
如果包含向量
v
,则包含所有向量
c
v
,其中
c
是个标量。
(3)
如果包含两个向量
u
v
,则包含向量
u
+
v
能张成一个子空间的向量集合。
正交基
{
v
1
,
v
2
,
,
v
n
}
,其中对于所有
i,j
,都有
<
v
i
,
v
j
> = 0
子空间的秩
能张成子空间的线性独立基向量的最小数目。
A.2.2
 奇异值分解
SVD
矩阵对输入向量进行线性变换。线性变换非常简单和受限,由此可知矩阵不能随意地操作
子空间。线性代数中一个最有趣的定理说明,所有方阵(不管其中包含什么数值)都可以
将一组特定向量通过某种放缩映射回它们本身。对更为一般的长方形矩阵,它可以将一组
输入向量映射为相应的输出向量,它的
转置
可以将这些输出向量映射回原来的输入向量。
用数学术语表示就是方阵具有与特征值对应的特征向量,长方形矩阵具有与奇异值对应的
左奇异向量和右奇异向量。
特征向量与奇异向量
A
是一个
n
×
n
矩阵。如果存在一个向量
v
和一个标量
λ
,使得
Av
=
λ
v
,则称
v
A
的一个
特征向量
λ
A
的一个
特征值
A
是一个长方形矩阵。如果存在向量
u
和向量
v
以及一个标量
σ
,使得
Av
=
σ
u
A
T
u
=
σ
v
,则称
u
v
A
左奇异向量
右奇异向量
σ
A
的一个
奇异值
矩阵奇异值分解的数学表示形式如下: ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787115509680