July 2023
Beginner to intermediate
270 pages
4h 48m
Chinese
Content preview from 可观测性工程
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11
第 1 章
什么是可观测性
在软件开发行业，可观测性（
observability
）这个话题已经引起了很多人的兴趣，并且经
常出现在各种热门研讨会的话题列表之中。但是，当一个热门的新话题从引起人们的兴
趣转变为人们愿意真正应用它时，事情就变得不一样了。如果不能深入洞察和理解一个
名词真正的细微含义，就可能会导致大量误解。本章着眼于术语“可观测性”的数学起
源，同时查看软件开发者们如何把这个方法论应用到生产软件系统中。
我们还将带领大家了解在生产软件系统中引入可观测性的必要性。调试软件应用程序内
部状态的传统实践方式是为传统系统设计的，那时的系统比今天的系统要简单很多。随
着系统架构、基础设施技术和用户需求的不断发展，我们用来调试的软件工具却几乎没
有发生变化。总的来说，今天许多工程团队仍然在沿用
20
年前的早期（
nascent
）监控工
具来进行调试实践
—
尽管他们当前管理的系统要复杂得多。当传统的工具和调试方法
无法胜任快速发现隐藏的、难以定位的问题的任务时，可观测性工具也就应运而生了。
本章将帮助你理解什么是“可观测性”、如何确定一个软件系统是否“可观测”
（
observable
）、为什么需要可观测性，以及如何使用可观测性来发现其他方法无法发现的问题。
1.1 可观测性的数学定义
“可观测性”一词是由工程师鲁道夫
·
E.
卡尔曼（
Rudolf E. Kálmán
）在
1960
年创造的。
从那以后，它便在不同的领域有了不同的含义。在讲述现代软件系统的可观测性定义之
前，让我们先了解一下广义的可观测性。
1
在
1960
年的论文中 ...
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I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.