July 2023
Beginner to intermediate
270 pages
4h 48m
Chinese
Content preview from 可观测性工程
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可观测性与
DevOps
、
SRE
和云原生的关联
|
45
4.2 可观测性：调试方式的过去与现在
可观测性的目标是提供一定程度的自我审查，帮助人们对其系统和应用程序的内部状态
进行推理。这种状态可以通过各种方式实现。例如，你可以使用日志、指标和链路追踪
的组合作为调试信号。但就如何实现可观测性而言，这些并没有说清楚。
在单体系统中，你可以预测潜在的故障领域，因此可以自己调试系统，通过使用详细的
应用程序日志记录或粗略的系统级指标（如
CPU/
磁盘利用率）并结合顿悟来实现适当
的可观测性。然而，这些传统工具和本能技术将不再适用于云原生系统机遇带来的一系
列新的管理挑战。
云原生定义提到的示例技术包括容器、服务网格、微服务和不可变的基础设施。与虚拟
机和单体架构等传统技术相比，容器化微服务本质上引入了新问题，例如组件之间相互
依存的认知复杂性、容器重新启动后丢弃的瞬态以及单独发布的组件之间的不兼容版本
控制。不可变的基础设施意味着
ssh
进入主机进行调试不再可行，因为它可能会扰乱该
主机上的状态。服务网格添加了一个额外的路由层，提供了一种强大的方法来收集有关
服务调用如何发生的信息，但除非你稍后可以分析，否则该数据的用途有限。
调试异常问题需要一套新的功能，以帮助工程师从系统中检测和理解问题。当特定事件
发生时，分布式链路追踪等工具可以帮助捕获系统内部的状态。通过向每个事件添加许
多键值对形式的上下文，你将对系统所有部分中通常隐藏且无法推理的内容创建广泛而
丰富的视图。
例如，在分布式云原生系统中，你可能会发现很难通过使用日志或其他不相关的信号来调 ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.