July 2023
Beginner to intermediate
270 pages
4h 48m
Chinese
Content preview from 可观测性工程
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处理和调试基于
SLO
的告警
|
123
框架开始，仔细研究时间这个完全相关的维度。
13.2 将时间定义成一个滑动窗口
首先选择是在一个固定窗口还是在一个滑动窗口中分析
SLO
。例如，从每月的第
1
天到
第
30
天就是一个固定窗口。与之相反的滑动窗口则着眼于显示任意过去
30
天的
SLO
情
况（如图
13-2
所示）。
图 13-2：3 天的滑动窗口（左）与 3 天的固定窗口（右）
对于大多数的
SLO
，
30
天是一个非常合适的窗口期。更短的如
7
天或
14
天的窗口期不
太能跟客户的可靠性认知或者产品的规划周期保持一致，而
90
天的窗口期往往又过长
了，从技术上来说，即使客户不同意，我们仍然可以在一天内消耗掉
90%
的预算，窗口
期过长则意味着异常的事件不会很快消失。
或许你可能会选择一个固定窗口先开始，但在实践中你会发现固定窗口的可用性目标并
不一定符合用户期望。比如当你为本月
31
号发生的某次故障向客户提出赔偿时，并不
能让客户容忍下个月
2
号再次发生的故障（即使在另外的固定窗口内是被允许的）。
正如第
12
章所提及的，
SLO
是被用作衡量客户体验和满意度的一种方式，而不是合法
性的约束。一个更好的
SLO
应该考虑到人类的情感、记忆和近期偏差，人类的情感并不
会因为自然月的过渡而突然消失。
如果你使用固定窗口来设置错误预算，这些预算会定期重置并带来明显的效果变化。任
何错误都会消耗预算的一小部分，其累积效应该逐渐下降到零。而这种逐渐减少的过程
不断地削减着团队主动应对问题的时间。但在固定窗口的模式下，突然间在新的一个月
的第一天，一切都被重置，你又开始了这个循环。 ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.