30 ◾ Catherine Lord
Historically, countries that have had a higher percentage of post-secondary
education have had an advantage in weathering skill shortages, but with increased
urbanization and migration we are likely to see this gap narrowing. One exercise is
to superimpose the average number of years of education over the urban growth rates
and we can see this gap may be just over 2 years apart between our two G-20 groups,
or hardly enough to claim a significant advantage going forward. Either way, with
lifelong learning coming into vogue coupled with the fact that many jobs can be now
be outsourced (Friedman, 2005, 2006, 2007) or expatriated, there is an increasing
decoupling of citizenship and delivery of labor. is is also ev