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Meanwhile, to ensure that the instrument has reasonable construct validity, con-
firmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used. Following Campbell and Fiske’s (1959)
criteria, we tested for construct validity and convergent and discriminant validity.
e results reveal that the correlations are all higher than zero and large enough to
proceed with discriminant validity. Furthermore, discriminant validity, proposed
by Aldawani and Palvai (2002) and Campbell and Fiske (1959), was conducted by
counting the number of times an item correlates higher with items in other factors
than with items in its own factor. e results confirm adequate discriminant valid-
ity. In conclusion, the dimensions used in this study ...