Apéndice. Hojas de trucos para la gestión del software
El software en Linux viene en paquetes. Estos paquetes contienen todos los archivos que pertenecen a una aplicación concreta, como un navegador web, un procesador de textos y juegos. Los sistemas Linux utilizan las bibliotecas compartidas , que comparten varias aplicaciones. La mayoría de los paquetes en Linux no son autónomos, sino que dependen de archivos compartidos.
El gestor gráfico de software de la mayoría de las distribuciones de Linux es GNOME-Software, también llamado Software(Figura A-1). Software está bien organizado, con categorías y buenas capacidades de búsqueda.
Figura A-1. GNOME-Software
Comandos de gestión de paquetes
Todas las distribuciones de Linux utilizan tres tipos de comandos de gestión del software:
Un gestor de paquetes, que gestiona sólo paquetes individuales. Fedora y openSUSE utilizan el gestor de paquetes rpm, Ubuntu utiliza dpkg.
Un gestor de paquetes que resuelve dependencias. Fedora utiliza dnf, openSUSE utilizazypper y Ubuntu tiene apt. Los gestores de paquetes que resuelven dependencias garantizan que se resuelvan automáticamente todas las dependencias de un paquete concreto. Por ejemplo, el editor de texto gedit tiene una larga lista de dependencias, como ilustra este ejemplo de apt:
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