
CHAPTER 5 / ARITHMETIC CODING 145
s < 13?
FIGURE 5.13
Decision process corresponding to the quasi-optimal binary-search initialization of Fig. 5.12.
the cumulative distribution, the average number of tests is near the optimal (5.75), and the worst
case is not much larger than (5.74).
5.3.3.3 Cumulative Distribution Estimation
Adaptive arithmetic coding requires an extra effort to update the cumulative distribution estimates
after coding each symbol, or in a periodic manner. Section 5.3 covers all the important aspects
of how adaptive encoders efficiently update the cumulative distributions c. We analyze two main
strategies, depending ...