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Management of Banking and Financial Services, 4e

Name: Management of Banking and Financial Services, 4e
ISBN: 9789389552867

by Paul Justin, Suresh Padmalatha

October 2018

Intermediate to advanced

704 pages

35h 48m

English

Pearson India

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Cover
About Pearson
Title Page
Contents
Foreword
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Overview
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
01 Managing Banking and Financial Services—Current Issues and Future Challenges
SECTION I THE SETTINGSECTION II CHANGE IS IN THE AIR….IS THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM BEING REVOLUTIONISED?FintechDigital currenciesClimate change and financial systemSECTION III THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM – AFTER THE FINANCIAL CRISISA Rewind to the Financial Crisis of 2007–08The Causes of the CrisisPrevalent models of bankingInvestment banks, Commercial banks and Universal banks – What is the difference?Macroeconomic and Financial Stability—Understanding the LinkagesThe Role of ‘Trust’ in Financial StabilityThe Role of Regulation in Ensuring Financial StabilityThe Objectives of Financial RegulationFinancial Stability—the Over-arching Agenda for the FutureSECTION IV THE INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM—AN OVERVIEWFinancial Stability in IndiaSECTION V THE INDIAN BANKING SYSTEM—AN OVERVIEWThe Financial Institutional Structure in IndiaWho Owns the Commercial Banks in India?Public Sector BanksPrivate Sector BanksSmall Finance Banks (SFB)Payments BanksForeign BanksIndian Banks Operating OverseasRegional Rural Banks (RRBs)Non Banking Financial Institutions (NBFI)Non Banking Finance Companies (NBFC)Housing Finance Companies (HFC)Co-operative Credit InstitutionsBanking Models in IndiaThe Indian Financial Code (2015)The Way Forward…Technology the - game changerAnnexure I: Banking Sector ReformsAnnexure II: Committee on Financial Sector Reforms—2009: Main Proposals of the Raghuram Rajan CommitteeAnnexure III: Select Major Policy and Legal Reforms Since 1991–92

02 Monetary Policy—Implications For Bank Management
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSA Macroeconomic ViewCentral Bank Tools to Regulate Money SupplyThe Impact of OMOs on Other Tools of Monetary PolicyCentral Bank Signaling Through the ‘Policy Rate’Popularity of the ‘Repo’ Rate as the Policy RateOther Factors that Impact Monetary Base and Bank ReservesSECTION II APPLICATION OF THE MONETARY POLICY TOOLS IN INDIAThe Monetary Base in IndiaMeasuring Money Supply in IndiaOperation of Reserve Requirements in IndiaNet Demand and Time LiabilitiesOperation of the Bank Rate in IndiaOpen Market Operations in IndiaRepo Market Instruments Outside the LAFSECTION III MONETARY POLICY TOOLS IN SELECT COUNTRIESThe United States of AmericaNet Transaction AccountsThe EurosystemOther Developed and Developing CountriesAnnexure I: Computation of the NDTL for the Banking System in IndiaAnnexure II: An introduction to the money market in IndiaAnnexure III: Case Study: European Central Bank’s decision to bail out Greece
03 Banks’ Financial Statements
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSBank LiabilitiesBank AssetsContingent LiabilitiesThe Income StatementSECTION II FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF BANKS OPERATING IN INDIABank LiabilitiesBank AssetsIncome Statement of Indian BanksOther Disclosures to be Made by Banks in IndiaSECTION III ANALYZING BANKS’ FINANCIAL STATEMENTSAnnexure I: Moving to Wards Risk Based Assessment of BanksAnnexure II: Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for BanksAnnexure III: Some Alternative Models for Bank Financial Statement AnalysisAnnexure IV: Case Study: Analysis of Profitability—A Du Pont Analysis of Bank Groups in IndiaAnnexure V: Indian Accounting Standards (IndAS) for Banks and Other Financial Institutions
04 Sources of Bank Funds
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSSECTION II BANK LIABILITIES—DEPOSITSProtecting the Depositor—Deposit InsuranceDeposit Insurance in IndiaSECTION III PRICING DEPOSIT SERVICESThe Need to Price with PrecisionSome Commonly Used Approaches to Deposit PricingMarginal Cost of Funds ApproachNew Cost of Funds AnalysisDeposits and Interest Rate RiskSECTION IV BANK LIABILITIES—NON-DEPOSIT SOURCESThe Funding GapThe Indian ScenarioSECTION V BANK DEPOSITS IN INDIA—SOME IMPORTANT LEGAL ASPECTS‘Banking’ DefinedWho is a Customer?Who is Eligible to be a Customer?General Guidelines for Opening Deposit AccountsTermination of Banker–Customer RelationshipTypes of Deposit AccountsSECTION VI DESIGN OF DEPOSIT SCHEMES—SOME ILLUSTRATIONSRecurring Deposit Scheme (RD)Reinvestment Deposit SchemeFixed Deposit SchemeCash CertificatesAnnexure I: Some Important Non-Deposit Funding Sources for Banks in India and the USAAnnexure II: Some Important Legal Provisions Relevant for BankersAnnexure III: A Summary of Important Legal Aspects of Bank Deposits in IndiaAnnexure IV: Anti-Money Laundering and Know Your Customer Guidelines—International Best Practices and Guidelines for Indian Banks
05 Uses of Bank Funds—The Lending Function
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSIntroductionBanks’ Role as Financial IntermediariesGains from LendingWho Needs Credit?Features of Bank CreditTypes of LendingSECTION II THE CREDIT PROCESSConstituents of the Credit ProcessSECTION III FINANCIAL APPRAISAL FOR CREDIT DECISIONSFinancial Ratio AnalysisCommon Size Ratio ComparisonsCash Flow AnalysisSECTION IV FUND BASED, NON-FUND BASED AND ASSET BASED LENDING—FEATURES AND POPULAR FORMSFund Based LendingNon-fund Based LendingAsset Based LendingSECTION V LOAN PRICING AND CUSTOMER PROFITABILITY ANALYSISStep 1: Arrive at Cost of FundsStep 2: Determine Servicing Costs for the CustomerStep 3: Assess Default Risk and Enforceability of SecuritiesStep 4: Fixing the Profit MarginSome More Models of Loan PricingAnnexure I: Risk Classification CriteriaAnnexure II: The Importance and Role of Credit Rating Agencies (CRAS)Annexure III: Credit Appraisal—Some Commonly Used Financial RatiosAnnexure IV: Income Statement-Based Cash Flow AnalysisAnnexure V: Case Study: LIBOR – The Benchmark and the Manipulation
06 Banks in India—Credit Delivery and Legal Aspects of Lending
SECTION I MODES OF CREDIT DELIVERYCash CreditLoan System for Delivery of Bank Credit—The Working Capital Demand LoanOverdraftsBills FinancePricing of LoansExemptionsSECTION II LEGAL ASPECTS OF LENDINGWhat are Unsecured Loans?What are Secured Loans?What is a ‘Security’?Annexure I: Types of Borrowers and Modes of LendingAnnexure II: Reclassification of Borrowers’ Financial Statements for Credit AppraisalAnnexure III: Some Common Securities for Bank LoansAnnexure IV: Case Study — Credit Appraisal
07 Credit Monitoring, Sickness and Rehabilitation
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSThe Need for Credit Review and MonitoringTriggers of Financial DistressFinancial Distress Models—The Altman’s Z-ScoreSome Alternate Models Predicting Financial DistressThe Workout FunctionSECTION II CREDIT INFORMATION COMPANIES IN INDIACIBIL and Loan ApprovalOther Credit Information Companies in IndiaDebt Restructuring and rehabilitation of sick firms in India—the Workout functionWhat is Restructuring?Criteria for Considering RestructuringRelief Measures under RestructuringValuation of Restructured Advances Annexure I: Warning Signs that Banks Should Look out for—An Illustrative ChecklistAnnexure IIAnnexure III: Case Studies: CDR and SDR
08 Managing Credit Risk—An Overview
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSExpected Versus Unexpected LossDefining Credit RiskInternational guidelines and standards for Credit Risk management – The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS)Classifying ‘Impaired’ LoansLoan Workouts and Going to Court for RecoveryCredit Risk ModelsSECTION II MEASURING CREDIT RISK— INTRODUCTION TO SOME POPULAR CREDIT RISK MODELSA Basic ModelModeling Credit RiskSECTION III CREDIT RISK TRANSFERS— SECURITIZATION, LOAN SALES, COVERED BONDS AND CREDIT DERIVATIVES SECURITIZATIONAsset Reconstruction Companies (ARC)Covered BondsLegislation on covered bonds—select countriesCredit DerivativesSome Basic Credit Derivative StructuresSECTION IV TREATMENT OF CREDIT RISK IN INDIA—SOME IMPORTANT EXPOSURE NORMS, PRUDENTIAL NORMS FOR ASSET CLASSIFICATION, INCOME RECOGNITION AND PROVISIONINGSome Important Exposure NormsLarge Exposures Framework (LEF)Prudential Norms for Asset Classification, Income Recognition and ProvisioningIncome RecognitionAsset ClassificationSECTION V TREATMENT OF CREDIT RISK IN INDIA—SECURITIZATION AND CREDIT DERIVATIVESSecuritization—The ActSecuritization—the GuidelinesSale of Assets by Banks not Involving SC/RCStrengthening the securitization framework in IndiaAsset Reconstruction companies in IndiaHow do ARCs work?Securitization—The Indian ExperienceIndia’s Securitization market in 2016Credit Derivatives in IndiaAnnexure I: Basel Committee Documents on Credit Risk ManagementAnnexure II: Salient Features of SecuritizationAnnexure III: Case Study: Kingfisher Airlines –A High Profile NPA
09 Managing Credit Risk—Advanced Topics
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSEstimating PD, EAD and LGD—The IssuesWhy Do We Need Credit Risk Models?Credit Risk Models—Best Practice Industry ModelsSECTION II SELECT APPROACHES AND MODELS—THE CREDIT MIGRATION APPROACHThe Credit Migration Approach (Used by Credit Metrics)Model Applied to Loan CommitmentsCalculation of Portfolio RiskThe Credit Migration Approach (Used by CreditPortfolioView)SECTION III SELECT APPROACHES AND MODELS—THE OPTION PRICING APPROACHThe KMV ModelImprovements Made to the Basic Structural Model in the Current Version EDF8.0SECTION IV SELECT APPROACHES AND MODELS—THE ACTUARIAL APPROACHCredit Risk+™ ModelSECTION V SELECT APPROACHES AND MODELS—THE REDUCED FORM APPROACHKamakura Risk Manager Version 8.0 and Kamakura Public Firm Models Version 5.0A Brief Description of the Approaches FollowsWhich Model is Better—Structured or Reduced Form?SECTION VI PRICING CREDIT DERIVATIVESPricing Credit Default Swaps—Understanding the Cash FlowsPricing Credit Default Swaps—Grasping the Basics
Pricing Collateralized Debt Obligations—The Basics
SECTION VII CREDIT RISK MEASUREMENT AFTER THE FINANCIAL CRISISThe Financial Crisis—An Overview and AnalysisCurrent Developments and Regulatory ChangesSome developmentsSECTION VIII A NOTE ON DATA ANALYTICS AND BUSINESS SIMULATIONBusiness Simulations: 5 Reasons Why Business Simulations Are Great Learning ToolsAnnexure I: Case Study-The Global Credit Crisis—A Brief Chronology of Events in 2007–08
10 Managing Market Risk—Banks’ Investment Portfolio
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSThe Treasury FunctionsRisks and Returns of Investment SecuritiesSECTION II MEASURING MARKET RISK WITH VAR AND EXPECTED SHORTFALL (ES)Approaches to VaR ComputationES and VaR – a comparisonSECTION III BANKS’ INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO IN INDIA—VALUATION AND PRUDENTIAL NORMS’Classification of the Investment PortfolioValuation of InvestmentsInvestment ReserveDetermination of ‘Market Value’ While Marking to Market (HFT and AFS Categories)‘Non-Performing’ InvestmentsIncome RecognitionAnnexure I: Case Study—LTCM Collapse and Link with VaRAnnexure II: Summary of Regulatory Responses to Market Risk Measurement Practices by Banks After the Global Financial Crisis
11 Capital—Risk, Regulation and Adequacy
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSWhy Regulate Bank Capital?To What Should Capital be Linked to Ensure Bank Safety?The Concept of Economic CapitalThe Concept of Regulatory CapitalSECTION II RISK-BASEDCAPITAL STANDARDS—REGULATORY CAPITALDemystifying the Basel Accords I, II and IIIBasel Accord IBasel Accord IIBasel Accord IIIBasel IV –or is it Basel 3.5? Move to More Regulatory Approaches to Risk MeasurementSECTION III APPLICATION OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY TO BANKS IN INDIACapital Components–Banks in IndiaCapital Funds of Banks Operating in IndiaCounter Cyclical Capital buffer (CCCB)Leverage RatioCapital MeasureExposure Measure : General Measurement PrinciplesCalculating Capital Charges and Risk-Weighted AssetsSECTION IV ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS ON CALCULATING CAPITAL ADEQUACYSteps for Computing Risk-Weighted AssetsAnnexure I: Determination of Risk Weighted Assets Under the Basel NormsAnnexure II: The Financial Crisis of 2007—Basel II and the Blame GameAnnexure III: Pillars II and III of Basel III Accord and Their Application to Indian BanksAnnexure IV: Capital Adequacy Ratios of Indian Banks—Some Comparative Charts
12 Managing Interest Rate and Liquidity Risks
SECTION I THE CHANGNG FACE OF BANKING RISKSSECTION II ASSET LIABILITY MANAGEMENTSECTION III INTEREST RATE RISK MANAGEMENTInterest rate risk in the banking book - Basel committee standards - Salient featuresTypes of risksRevised Principles for IRRBBThe standardised frameworkOverall structure of the standardised framework Components of the standardised frameworkCalculation of change in Economic Value of Equity (ΔEVE)Calculation of change in projected Net Interest Income (ΔNII)Components of interest ratesIRRBB and CSRBBMeasuring Interest Rate RiskManaging Interest Rate Risk—A Strategic ApproachInterest Rate Risk or Model Risk?Alternative Methods to Reduce Interest Rate RiskSECTION IV MANAGING INTEREST RATE RISK WITH INTEREST RATE DERIvATNESSwapsInterest Rate FuturesForward Rate Agreements (FRAs)Interest Rate OptionsInterest Rate GuaranteesSwaptionsArbiloansDerivatives Market Growth—The Issues
SECTION V LIQUDITY RISK MANAGEMENT AND BASEL III
Sources of Liquidity RiskModern Approaches to Liquidity Risk ManagementApproach to Managing Liquidity for Long-Term Survival and GrowthApproach to Managing Liquidity in the Short Term— Some Tools for Risk MeasurementBasel III—The International Framework for Liquidity Risk Measurements, Standards and MonitoringSECTION VI APPLICABILITY TO BANKS IN INDIAInterest Rate Derivatives in IndiaThe Exchange Traded Interest Rate Derivatives in IndiaALM Framework for Indian BanksLiquidity Risk Management in Indian BanksAnnexure I: Theories of Interest RatesAnnexure II: Concept of Duration and ConvexityAnnexure III: Features of a Sound Liquidity and Funds Management Policy and Symptoms of Potential Liquidity RiskAnnexure IV: Management of Liquidity Risk in Financial Groups—Key FindingsAnnexure V: ALM in India—Classification of Bank Liabilities and Assets According to Rate Sensitivity and Maturity ProfileAnnexure VI: Case Study—Northern Rock Liquidity Crisis
13 Banking Functions, Retail Banking and Laws in Everyday Banking
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSNegotiable InstrumentsTypes of DepositsNon-Resident Indian (NRI) AccountsMandates and Power of AttorneySECTION II RETAIL BANKING-NATURE AND ScoPEWhy Banks Focus on Retail BusinessEmerging Issues in Handling Retail BankingSWOT Analysis of Retail BankingStrategies for Success in Retail BankingSECTION III CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM)Marketing—CoinCRM Strategies/StepsThree Tip Questions for ManagersImage-Building ExercisesBlending Tradition with TechnologySECTION IV LAWS IN EVERYDAY BANKINGKey Acts That Govern the Functioning of the Banking SectorDifferent Customers—Different LawsBank-Customer RelationshipRights of a BankerObligations of a BankerCase Study: Savings Account is Not an Investment Tool
14 Banking System—Services and Innovations
SECTION I COMMERCIAL BANKING SYSTEM AND STRUCTUREGlobalization and InnovationsSECTION II CASE STUDIES OF BANKSThe ICICI BankHSBC BankThe State Bank of India (SBI)SECTION III CASE IN DETAT—HSBC BANKAccountsCredit CardsStandard Privileges for HSBC Card HoldersLoansWealth ManagementInsuranceSpecial OffersCase QuestionsCase Study: Interest Rates and Prof Bond
15 International Banking—Foreign Exchange and Trade Finance
INTRODUCTIONSECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSExchange RatesFOREX MarketTransfer SystemsDirect and Indirect QuotationsFunctioning of Foreign Exchange MarketSECTION II INTER-BANK MARKET AND FOREX DEALINGForex Dealing Room OperationsSpot, Forward, Cash, TOM Rates in an Inter-Bank MarketBid and Offer RatesForeign Exchange MarketSECTION III TRADE FINANCE —LETTERS OF GREDITFinancing International Trade Through Letters of CreditFlowchart Depicting a Typical Import Transaction with Letter of CreditSECTION IV TRADE FINANCE — FINANCING EXPORTERSFeatures of Packing Credit in Local CurrencyFeatures of Pre-Shipment Credit in Foreign Currency (PCFC)Post-Shipment FinanceSECTION V FOREIGN CURRENCY LOAN (FCL)Features of Foreign Currency Loans
16 High-Tech Banking—E-Payment Systems and Electronic Banking
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSWhy Do We Need Technology in Banking?Benefits of Electronic BankingSECTION II E-PAYMENTSThe Importance of Payments and Settlement SystemsInternational Standards and Codes for Payment and Settlement SystemsSECTION III RETAIL PAYMENT SYSTEMSPaper-Based Instruments in Retail Payment Systems—An OverviewElectronic Retail Payment Systems—An OverviewSECTION IV PLASTIC MONEY AND E-MONEYCredit CardsDebit CardsCredit and Debit Cards in IndiaOther Payment Channels/ProductsSECTION V SECURITY ISSUES IN E-BANKING
17 Understanding Financial Services
SECTION I NON-BANKING FINANCIAL COMPANYSECTION II VENTURE CAPITAL AND PRIVATE EQUITYStages in Venture Capital (VC) InvestingSECTION III CREDIT CARDSMajor Parties Involved in Credit Card TransactionWorking of Credit CardsCharges and Profits in Credit Card TransactionsSECTION IV HOUSING FINANCESECTION V IPO (INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING)SECTION VI MICROFINANCEChallengesSECTION VII Pension FundsPension Funds in IndiaSECTION VIII Alternate investmentsCommoditiesHedge FundsSECTION IX CONSUMER RIGHTS AND PROTECTION APPLICABLE TO FINANCIAL SERVICESConsumer Protection and Regulation in India
18 Insurance Services
SECTION I BASIC CONCEPTSBasic Features of Insurance ContractsBenefits of InsuranceTypes of Insurance ProductsSECTION II INDIA'S INSURANCE SECTOR-AN OVERVIEWThe Insurance SectorChanging Scenario of the Life Insurance SectorInsurance Regulatory Development Authority (IRDA)IRDA RegulationsLife Insurance Corporation of IndiaExport Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC)SECTION III BANKS AND INSURANCE SERVICES-BANCASSURANCE IN INDIAHow Does Bancassurance Help Banks?How Does Bancassurance Help Insurance Companies?How Does Bancassurance Help Customers?SECTION IV GLOBAL INSURANCE INDUSTRY, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGESThe Industry After the Financial CrisisChallengesOpportunitiesConvergenceThe Growth of Insurance Demand
19 Mutual Funds, Securities Trading, Universal Banking and Credit Rating
SECTION I MUTUAL FUNDSAdvantages of Mutual FundsTypes of Mutual FundsImportant TermsSECTION II TRADING IN SECURITIES/SHARESFactors Behind Growth of Online TradingImpact on Securities MarketSECTION III UNIVERSAL BANKINGSize and Market PowerDiversification—Insurance and SecuritiesCore of Universal BankingImpartial Investment AdviceBenefits to BanksBenefits to CustomersChallengesSECTION IV CREDIT RATING SERYICESCredit Rating—An OverviewInformation to InvestorsBenefits to IssuersBenefit to the RegulatorsDifferences of Opinion in the Credit Rating Industry
20 Cash Management and Demand Forecasting in ATMs
SECTION I INTRODUCTIONSECTION II THE CASE OF BHARATH BANKOutsourced Agents for ATMsSECTION III THE CASE OF GLOBAL BANKInformation Flow in the Supply Chain—Role of IT InfrastructureSECTION IV CASH DEMAND FORECASTINGTime Series Analysis of Cash Withdrawals from ATMsSales Trends and Other FactorsAnnexure I: ATM—Post- and Pre-Installation Activities
21 Mergers and Acquisitions in the Banking Sector
SECTION I MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONSSECTION II CASE OF BANK OF MADURA MERGER WITH ICICI BANKProfiles of BanksSwap Ratio and Stock Price FluctuationsSuitability AnalysisSynergies of the MergerAnnexure I: Share Price Volume DataAnnexure II: The Merger of Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi and UFJ Bank
22 Innovations in Products and Services—Cases of Three Banks
CASE STUDY I BARCLAYS BANK UK BankingBarclay CardBarclays CapitalBarclays Global InvestorsBarclays Wealth ManagementPerformance and GovernanceProducts and ServicesOther ServicesSavings and InvestmentRecent InitiativesBarclays StrategyCase QuestionsCASE STUDY II ING VYSYA BANKMilestones of the Bank Over the Long Years of Its ServicesThe Origin of ING GroupThe New Identity: ING Vysya BankCustomer Relationship ManagementIT Implementation for Quick Customer ResponseRetail BankingING Vysya Bank’s Retail Banking StrategyCase QuestionsCASE STUDY III STATE BANK OF INDIAFeatures of the State Bank of IndiaPrimary ActivitiesSecondary ActivitiesProducts and ServicesCase Questions
23 Innovations in Products and Services in Banking—Cases of Public and Private Sector Banks
CASE STUDY I CORPORATION BANKPersonal BankingLoan SchemesCardsHigh-Tech Banking Products and ServicesProducts and Services for Non-ResidentsImportant ServicesCase QuestionsCASE STUDY II SOUTH INDIAN BANKIntroductionSIB Deposit SchemesLoans and AdvancesNRI SchemesOther Service Features Offered by SIBCase Questions
Appendix: Objective-Type Questions on Commercial Banking
Index
Copyright

Content preview from Management of Banking and Financial Services, 4e

CHAPTER FIVE

Uses of Bank Funds—The Lending Function

CHAPTER STRUCTURE

Section I Basic Concepts

Section II The Credit Process

Section III Financial Appraisal for Credit Decisions

Section IV Fund Based, Non Fund Based and Asset Based Lending

Section V Loan Pricing and Customer Profitability Analysis

Chapter Summary

Test Your Understanding

Topics for Further Discussion

Annexures I, II, III, IV, V (Case study)

KEy TAKEAwAyS FROm THE CHAPTER

Understand why banks lend.
Learn how banks lend—Principles of lending.
Understand the process of making a loan from start to finish.
Learn the fundamentals of credit appraisal.
Understand how loans are priced.
Understand how banks choose profitable customers.

SECTION I

BASIC CONCEPTS

Introduction

Assume that ...

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Management of Banking and Financial Services, 2nd Edition

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Management of Banking and Financial Services, 4e

by Paul Justin, Suresh Padmalatha

CHAPTER FIVE