Mastering Linux Security and Hardening - Second Edition

Setting permissions with the symbolic method

Whenever you create a file as a normal user, by default, it will have read/write permissions for the user and group, and read permission for others.

chmod u+x donnie_script.shchmod g+x donnie_script.shchmod o+x donnie_script.shchmod u+x,g+x donnie_script.shchmod a+x donnie_script.sh

The first three commands add the executable permission for the user, the group, and others. The fourth command adds executable permissions for both the user and the group, while the last command adds executable permissions for everybody (a for all). You can also remove the executable permissions by replacing + with -. Finally, you can also add or remove the read or write permissions, as appropriate.

While this method ...