June 2021
Intermediate to advanced
290 pages
9h 21m
Chinese
Content preview from Node与Express开发（第2版）
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4
｜
第
1
章
前面提到
Express
是
Web
应用框架的“服务器端部分”，因此或许我们应该谈谈服务器端
应用和客户端应用之间的关系。
1.3
服务器端应用和客户端应用
服务器端应用
就是应用中的页面都在服务器上生成（如
HTML
、
CSS
、图片和其他多媒体
资源，以及
JavaScript
）
，然后发送给客户端。而
客户端应用
的大部分用户界面是从一个资
源包渲染的，这个资源包只需要在最开始的时候接收一次。也就是说，一旦浏览器接收到
初始的
HTML
（通常也非常小）
，它就使用
JavaScript
来动态地修改
DOM
，不需要依靠服
务器来显示新页面（虽然原始数据通常还是来自服务器）。
在
1999
年之前
，服务器端应用是标准。事实上，
Web
应用
这个术语是在
1999
年正式引入
的。我认为大约
1999
年
到
2012
年这段时间是
Web 2.0
时代，在这个时期，最终成为客户
端应用的技术正在开发之中。到
2012
年
，随着智能手机的稳固发展，通过网络发送尽可
能少的信息成为一种普遍做法，这种做法更青睐客户端应用。
服务器端应用常常被称为
服务器端渲染
（
SSR
）应用
，客户端应用常常被称为
单页应用
（
S
PA
）。客户端应用完全在诸如
React
、
Angular
和
Vue
等框架中实现。我总是觉得“单页”
的叫法有点儿不妥，因为在用户看来显然有很多个页面。唯一的区别是，页面是服务器发
过来的还是在客户端动态渲染的。
在实际中，服务器端应用和客户端应用之间有很多模糊的界线。很多客户端应用有
2
个或
3
个
HTML
资源
包可以发给客户端（例如公开可见的界面和登录可见的界面
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