March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
864 pages
28h 54m
English
Sapphire crystal has excellent optical properties, good thermal conductivity, insulation, good corrosion resistance, high hardness, high wear resistance, high melting point (2040 °C), and other characteristics, making sapphire crystals widely used in many demanding processing environments. Sapphire crystal is an important basic material for industries such as military, submarine, and satellite space. It is widely used in infrared optical windows [1, 2], fairing materials for high‐speed aircraft, superconducting thin films, and oxide substrate materials [3] such as silicon‐on‐sapphire (SOS), light emitting diode ...