Passive Optical Networks

Passive Optical Networks

by Cedric F. Lam
Released October 2007
Publisher(s): Academic Press
ISBN: 9780080553450

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Book description

Passive optical network (PON) technologies have become an important broadband access technology as a result of the growing demand for bandwidth-hungry video-on-demand applications. Written by the leading researchers and industry experts in the field, this book provides coherent coverage of networking technologies, fiber optic transmission technologies, as well as the electronics involved in PON system development.

Features:

* An in-depth overview of PON technologies and the potential applications that they enable
* Comprehensive review of all major PON standards and architecture evolutions, as well as their pros and cons
* Balanced coverage of recent research findings with economic and engineering considerations
* Presents system issues of protocols, performance, management and protection
* Extensive references to standards and research materials for further studies

This book provides an authoritative overview of PON technologies and system requirements and is ideal for engineers and managers in industry, university researchers, and graduate students.

*Balances treatment of the optical technologies with systems issues such as protocols, performance, management and protection
*Covers latest developments in WDM-PONS, protection switching, dynamic bandwidth allocation
*Practical coverage with a chapter on PON applications and deployment
*Case studies on implementing PONs

Table of contents

  1. Front Cover
  2. Passive Optical Networks
  3. Copyright Page
  4. Dedication Page
  5. Contents (1/2)
  6. Contents (2/2)
  7. List of Acronyms (1/2)
  8. List of Acronyms (2/2)
  9. List of Figures (1/3)
  10. List of Figures (2/3)
  11. List of Figures (3/3)
  12. List of Tables
  13. Preface
  14. Acknowledgments
  15. List of Contributors
  16. Chapter 1: Introduction
    1. 1.1 History of Broadband Access Networks and PON
      1. 1.1.1 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
      2. 1.1.2 Cable Modem
      3. 1.1.3 Fiber Access Systems
      4. 1.1.4 Ethernet
      5. 1.1.5 WDM in Optical Access Networks
      6. 1.1.6 Killer Applications
    2. 1.2 Economic Considerations in PON Development
      1. 1.2.1 How Much Bandwidth Is Enough?
      2. 1.2.2 Policy and Regulation Influence
      3. 1.2.3 Standardization Efforts
      4. 1.2.4 Cost Considerations
    3. 1.3 Organization of the Book
    4. References
  17. Chapter 2: PON Architectures Review
    1. 2.1 FTTx Overview
    2. 2.2 TDM-PON vs WDM-PON
    3. 2.3 Optical Transmission System
      1. 2.3.1 Optical Fiber
      2. 2.3.2 Chromatic Dispersion
      3. 2.3.3 Fiber Loss
      4. 2.3.4 Bidirectional Transmission
      5. 2.3.5 Wavelength Division Duplex
    4. 2.4 Power-Splitting Strategies in a TDM-PON
      1. 2.4.1 Splitting Architectures
      2. 2.4.2 Splitting Ratio
    5. 2.5 Standard Commercial TMD-PON Infrastructure
      1. 2.5.1 OLT and ONU Structures
      2. 2.5.2 Burst Mode Operation and Ranging
      3. 2.5.3 C-Band Analog CATV Signal Overlay
      4. 2.5.4 Security Concerns in Power-Splitting PON
    6. 2.6 APON/BPON and G-PON
      1. 2.6.1 ATM-PON and ITU-T G.983
      2. 2.6.2 Collision Resolution in APON/G-PON
      3. 2.6.3 Wavelength Overlay in APON/G-PON
      4. 2.6.4 G-PON and ITU-T G.984 (1/3)
      5. 2.6.4 G-PON and ITU-T G.984 (2/3)
      6. 2.6.4 G-PON and ITU-T G.984 (3/3)
      7. 2.6.5 APON/G-PON Protection Switching
    7. 2.7 EPON
      1. 2.7.1 Ethernet Layering Architecture and EPON
      2. 2.7.2 EPON PMD Layer
      3. 2.7.3 Burst Mode Operation and Loop Timing in EPON
      4. 2.7.4 PCS Layer and Forward Error Correction
      5. 2.7.5 Ethernet Framing
      6. 2.7.6 Multipoint Control Protocol (MPCP)
      7. 2.7.7 Point-to-Point Emulation (P2PE) in EPON
      8. 2.7.8 EPON Encryption and Protection
      9. 2.7.9 Ethernet OAM Sublayer
    8. 2.8 G-PON and EPON Comparison
    9. 2.9 Super PON
    10. 2.10 WDM-PON
      1. 2.10.1 Advantages and Challenges of WDM-PON
      2. 2.10.2 Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) Router
      3. 2.10.3 Broadcast Emulation and Point-to-Point Operation
      4. 2.10.4 2-PONs-In-1
      5. 2.10.5 WDM-on-WDM
      6. 2.10.6 Hybrid WDM/TDM-PON
      7. 2.10.7 Multiply Fiber Plant Utility by WDM
    11. 2.11 Summary
    12. References
  18. Chapter 3: Optical Technologies in Passive Optical Access Networks
    1. 3.1 Introduction
    2. 3.2 Optical Technologies in Passive Outside Plant
      1. 3.2.1 Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC)-Based Optical Power Splitter
      2. 3.2.2 Arrayed Waveguide Grating (1/3)
      3. 3.2.2 Arrayed Waveguide Grating (2/3)
      4. 3.2.2 Arrayed Waveguide Grating (3/3)
    3. 3.3 PON Technologies for Indoor Installation
      1. 3.3.1 Field Assembly and Indoor Connectors
      2. 3.3.2 Fiber for Indoor Installations (1/2)
      3. 3.3.2 Fiber for Indoor Installations (2/2)
    4. 3.4 Transmitter Sources at Subscriber Premises
      1. 3.4.1 Introduction
      2. 3.4.2 Wavelength-Specific ONUs (1/2)
      3. 3.4.2 Wavelength-Specific ONUs (2/2)
      4. 3.4.3 Colorless ONUs (1/2)
      5. 3.4.3 Colorless ONUs (2/2)
      6. 3.4.4 Source-Free ONUs Based on Wavelength Reuse Schemes
    5. 3.5 Summary
    6. References (1/2)
    7. References (2/2)
  19. Chapter 4: Transceivers for Passive Optical Networks
    1. 4.1 Introduction
      1. 4.1.1 Historical Background
      2. 4.1.2 PON Transceiver Evolution
    2. 4.2 PON System Requirements
      1. 4.2.1 PON System Power Budgets and Specifications
      2. 4.2.2 Physical-Layer Specifications
      3. 4.2.3 PON Burst-Mode Timing Requirements
    3. 4.3 Transceiver Technologies
      1. 4.3.1 Transceiver Building Blocks
      2. 4.3.2 Optical Transmit and Receive Devices
      3. 4.3.3 Bidirectional Optical Subassembly (BOSA)
      4. 4.3.4 PON Transceiver Modules
    4. 4.4 Burst-Mode Electronics
      1. 4.4.1 Conventional vs Burst-Mode Data
      2. 4.4.2 Burst-Mode Transmitter (BM Tx) (1/2)
      3. 4.4.2 Burst-Mode Transmitter (BM Tx) (2/2)
      4. 4.4.3 Burst-Mode Receiver (BM Rx) (1/2)
      5. 4.4.3 Burst-Mode Receiver (BM Rx) (2/2)
    5. 4.5 Transceiver Digital-Diagnostic Monitoring
      1. 4.5.1 Module Parameter Monitoring
      2. 4.5.2 Fiber OTDR Monitoring
    6. 4.6 PON Transceiver System Evaluation
      1. 4.6.1 G-PON Transceiver System Evaluation
      2. 4.6.2 EPON Transceivers
      3. 4.6.3 Impact of Analog CATV Overlay
    7. 4.7 Summary and Outlook
    8. References (1/2)
    9. References (2/2)
  20. Chapter 5: Ranging and Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation
    1. 5.1 Ranging
      1. 5.1.1 Purpose of Ranging
      2. 5.1.2 Ranging Procedures Overview
      3. 5.1.3 Ranging Protocol of G-PON
      4. 5.1.4 Ranging Protocol of EPON
    2. 5.2 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA)
      1. 5.2.1 DBA Overview
      2. 5.2.2 Target Service
      3. 5.2.3 Requirements of DBA
      4. 5.2.4 Traffic Control Fundamentals—Fair Queuing
      5. 5.2.5 IPACT and its Variants
      6. 5.2.6 Improved DBA (1/2)
      7. 5.2.6 Improved DBA (2/2)
    3. References
  21. Chapter 6: Protection Architectures for Passive Optical Networks
    1. 6.1 Introduction
    2. 6.2 Considerations of Protection in Passive Optical Networks
      1. 6.2.1 Protection or Restoration
      2. 6.2.2 Network Topology
      3. 6.2.3 Network Type
      4. 6.2.4 Resources To Be Protected
      5. 6.2.5 Single or Multiple Failures
      6. 6.2.6 Automatic Protection Switching
      7. 6.2.7 Operation, Administration, and Management
      8. 6.2.8 Traffic Restoration Time
      9. 6.2.9 Complexity
    3. 6.3 Protection Architectures
      1. 6.3.1 Conventional Passive Optical Networks
      2. 6.3.2 WDM Passive Optical Networks (1/2)
      3. 6.3.2 WDM Passive Optical Networks (2/2)
    4. 6.4 Summary
    5. Acknowledgments
    6. References
  22. Chapter 7: Optical Characterization, Diagnosis, and Performance Monitoring for PON
    1. 7.1 Introduction
    2. 7.2 Network Testing, Characterization, and Monitoring Challenges for PON
      1. 7.2.1 Fiber’s Key Characteristics
      2. 7.2.2 Characterization and Monitoring Challenges for PON
    3. 7.3 Methods for Characterization, Diagnosis, and Monitoring
      1. 7.3.1 Required Physical-Layer Measurement
      2. 7.3.2 Basic Test Equipment
      3. 7.3.3 Network Testing, Characterization, and Diagnosis Guidelines
      4. 7.3.4 Network Performance Monitoring (1/4)
      5. 7.3.4 Network Performance Monitoring (2/4)
      6. 7.3.4 Network Performance Monitoring (3/4)
      7. 7.3.4 Network Performance Monitoring (4/4)
    4. 7.4 Conclusion
    5. Acknowledgments
    6. References
  23. Appendix I: G-PON PMD Characteristics (1/2)
  24. Appendix I: G-PON PMD Characteristics (2/2)
  25. Appendix II: EPON MPCPDU Formats
  26. Index (1/2)
  27. Index (2/2)

Product information

  • Title: Passive Optical Networks
  • Author(s): Cedric F. Lam
  • Release date: October 2007
  • Publisher(s): Academic Press
  • ISBN: 9780080553450