PON systems are mostly built with 1:3 mm (O-band) for upstream
signal transmission, 1:49 mm (S-band) for downstream transmission, and
1:55-mm (C-band) wavelengths for an optional analog CATV signal overlay.
The use of these bands will be explained in more details in a latter section. The
loss of new fibers around the 1:55-mm wavelength region can be as low as
0.19 dB/km [6]. It should also be noticed that around the 1:3-mm wavelength
region used for upstream transmission, optical fiber loss is around 0.33–0.35 dB/
km, significantly higher than that in the 1:5-mm wavelength region.
2.3.4 Bidirectional Transmission
2.3.4.1 Two-Fiber vs One-Fiber
Conventional fiber-optic communication systems use two separate fibers for
bidirectional communications. This ...