book

Planning Sustainable Transport

by Barry Hutton

June 2013

Intermediate to advanced

440 pages

16h 14m

English

Routledge

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The Brundtland ReportThe Rio ConferenceThe Kyoto ProtocolThe shifting balance between government and business in delivering policyConclusionNotes
The transport systemTransport ‘modes’Inter-modal and multi-modal movementTransport rhythmsNotes
Town and country planningThe link between land-use planning and transportThe link between transport and land-use planningThe changing structure of urban areasThe planning processPlanning as management: steering by iterative correctionNotes
Retail distributionEnergy distributionNotes

Sustainable objectivesGHG and CO2 emissionsFuel consumption and CO2-e emissions: carsFuel consumption and CO2-e emissions: road freightFuel consumption and CO2-e emissions:road passenger transportFuel consumption and CO2-e emissions: railFuel consumption and CO2-e emissions: airRates per vehicle-, person- and tonne-kilometreSummaryNotes
The quandary of the interactions between transport and land useThe definitions of accessibility and mobilityIsochronesChanging patterns of land use and transportUrban developmentThe modern definition of accessibilityNotes
Gridlock: the political imperativeThe nature of traffic flow and congestionSimple flow theoryDefinitions and measures of speedThe hybrid flow–speed/speed–flow curveThe instability of maximum flowsLack of capacity and congestionRural road capacityUrban road capacityJunction capacityThe divergeThe mergeThe weaveCrossing movementsDrivers’ decision timesGap acceptanceThe supply of gapsTackling congestionRoute changesTime changesMode changesDestination changesEnduring the delayThe sting in the tailAppendix 7.1Moving Car ObserverNotes
Container ports: a demonstration caseInter-modal freight: the generalisationInter-modal freight: the conclusionsMulti-modal passenger transportConclusionsNote
Notes
Car costsGeneral transport costsConclusionsNotes
ObjectivesCriteriaOptimisation and sufficingSystems and conditionsNotes
The Eddington ReportThe Stern ReviewThe ‘Polluter Pays’ principleTowards a Sustainable Transport SystemDelivering a Sustainable Transport SystemThe Haddington case studyNotes
The definitionsShifts in the government’s roleThe change in scale and time frame of transport planningPlanning Policy Guidance Note 13: Transport (PPG13)The emphasis upon accessibility planningThe theory of accessibilityThe effects of densityNotes
Accounting for intangiblesAccounting for expenditure in real moneyMarginal and average cost theoryMonitoring variable costsRedundancySubsidyNotes
Transport and economic activityPolicy objectivesInterrelating transport, land use and economic activityGuidance on the Methodology for Multi-Modal Studies (GOMMMS)The General Urban Model revisitedNotes
Construction and use regulations: the legalitiesManaging pollutionNotes
The definitionMonopolyRegulation of British public transportHackney carriages and taxisHorse-drawn busesHorse tramsPowered tramsMotor busesThe railwaysThe impact of the private carThe Transport Act (1968)Transport supplementary grantsThe Nottingham Zone and Collar experimentAfter the Nottingham experimentBus deregulation and privatisationThe Buses White PaperBus deregulation and privatisation: the outcomeCurrent bus policy: A Green Light for Better BusesRegulating the railwaysRail privatisationPresent and future uses of public transportAcquisition and ownershipCar useThe desirable objectivesNotes
The paradigm shiftPricesTariffsTollsTaxesFeesFinesPolicy leversRoad user chargingNotes
Measuring the existing movementsEnlarged origin and destination matricesEstimating traffic flowThe advent of household surveys and synthetic O+D matricesThe three-stage land-use and transport prediction packageThe fourth stage: modal splitScheme assessmentThe intrusion of transport economicsLost in multi-modal integrationThe multi-modal studiesFit for purpose?Notes
The structure of value-for-money assessmentsSALUTE: Simple Assessment of Land Use,Transport and the EnvironmentDevelopmentThe database: the system ‘fabric’The database: the system performanceThe database: transport demandLand-use dispositionsTransport landscapesNotes
The objectiveThe planning methodologyThe state of the transport systemTime budgetsThe prime objectivesPoliciesProgrammesThe predictive methodologyActionsUrban structurePostscriptNotes

Content preview from Planning Sustainable Transport

Chapter 12

Managing the environmental impacts

Two major reports were published in Autumn 2006. They were not statements of government policy but they did act as good indicators of the priorities, objectives and methods of the government at the time. There has been no radical change since their publication, despite a change of government. Both reports were commissioned by HM Treasury, not by the departments of state directly responsible either for the environment or for transport. They were:

the Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change (October 2006);¹
the Eddington Transport Study: transport’s role in sustaining the UK’s productivity and competitiveness (December 2006).²

The reports were closely related. Although Sir Nicholas Stern’s ...