
48 RFID and Auto-ID in Planning and Logistics
with Walmart, but never commercialized this technology, but when IBM ran into nancial trouble
in the mid-1990s, it sold its patents to Intermec, a material handling systems provider. Intermec
has installed the system in numerous different applications, from warehouse tracking to farming.
Intermec invested in this future of this technology due to the fact that at the time it was expensive
because of the low volume of sales and lack of international standards.
Also, in 1990s, electronic toll collection using RFID technologies expanded to wide-scale
deployment of electronic toll collection i