September 2001
Intermediate to advanced
640 pages
31h 42m
English
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Compression
Digital video wouldn’t be possible without methods for compressing the vast amounts of data necessary to describe sound and frame images. Video files can be compressed in a number of ways. This section looks at a variety of compression schemes and introduces the methods they use for achieving compression rates. Understanding your options can help you make better decisions for optimizing your video files.
Lossless Versus Lossy Compression
Compression can be “lossless,” which means no information is lost and the final file is identical to the original.
Most compression schemes use forms of lossy compression. Lossy compression sacrifices some data from the file to achieve much higher compression rates. Lossy compression schemes, such as MPEG, use complicated algorithms that toss out data for sound and image detail that is not discernible to the human ear or eye. The decompressed file is extremely similar in character to the original, yet is not identical. This is similar to the way JPEG handles still images.
Spatial Versus Temporal Compression
Spatial (or intraframe) compression takes place on each individual frame of the video, compressing the pixel information as though it were a still image.
Temporal (or interframe) compression happens over a series of frames and takes advantage of areas of the image that remain unchanged from frame to frame, throwing out data for repeated pixels.
Temporal compression relies on the placement of key frames interspersed throughout ...
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