August 2019
Beginner to intermediate
232 pages
3h 50m
Chinese
Content preview from Web容量规划之美
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150
第
5
章
本质上，架构即代码是指编写代码（你可以使用高级语言或任何描述性语言）来
管理除了部署之外的配置和自动化配置基础设施。不同于基础设施自动化，它只
涉及多次复制步骤，并在多台服务器上执行它们。
自动化部署基本原理
尽管在执行任务时各种自动安装程序和配置工具在实现上有所不同，但大部分设
计原理是比较相似的。正如借助监控和度量收集工具可以发现，这些概念和设计
原理都源于高性能计算领域。因为高性能计算和网络运营在其基础架构上有着许
多相似点，网站运营社区采用了其中的许多方法和工具。在本节中，我们简要概
述主要目标并详细介绍每个目标。
目标 1：最小化提供新容量的时间
当你试图确认你的容量什么时候耗尽时，你必须考虑到新硬件的采购、安装和部
署所需环境的时间。如果你的容量在六周内耗尽，且你需要三周时间来增加新硬件，
这样一来你只有三周的时间用来部署、配置。自动化部署和配置工具通过最大限
度地控制整合机器接入网络，可以使这一过程所需要的时间最少。实现这一目标
的一个关键方面是拥有统一的硬件（请参阅侧栏供进一步讨论）。
目标 2：变化集中分布
当修改主机的配置时，最好有个中心配置库，通过它我们推进对服务器进行对应
的调整。因为中心配置库在此所起的作用相当于一个指挥塔台，通过它来有效管
理你的基础架构的各个部分。与服务器架构不同，在分布式架构中，分布式资源
有助于水平扩展，集中配置和管理环境有以下优点：
•
版本控制可用于所有配置：操作系统、应用程序或其他方面。
RCS/CVS/
Subversion
等一些工具用来跟踪基础设施的每一个变化的方方面面：谁引起的
变化？什么变化？何时变化？为什么变化？
•
使得安装和配置文件的复制和备份更加容易管理。
•
聚合配置和管理日志系统是理想的故障诊断资源。
151
部署
•
当你想为不同硬件配置不同设置时，这样的中心管理环境是一个理想的存放硬 ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.