Advanced Python Programming

Mathematical operations

NumPy includes the most common mathematical operations available for broadcasting, by default, ranging from simple algebra to trigonometry, rounding, and logic. For instance, to take the square root of every element in the array, we can use numpy.sqrt, as shown in the following code:

    np.sqrt(np.array([4, 9, 16]))     # Result:    # array([2., 3., 4.]) 

The comparison operators are useful when trying to filter certain elements based on a condition. Imagine that we have an array of random numbers from 0 to 1, and we want to extract all the numbers greater than 0.5. We can use the > operator on the array to obtain a bool array, as follows:

    a = np.random.rand(5, 3)     a > 0.3     # Result:    # array([[ True, False,  True], # [ True, ...