Apache: The Definitive Guide, 3rd Edition

httpd Command-Line Changes

Running the v2 httpd with the flag -h to show the possible command-line flags produces this:

Usage: ./httpd [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file]
               [-C "directive"] [-c "directive"]
               [-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-t] [-T]
Options:
  -D name           : define a name for use in <IfDefine name> directives
  -d directory      : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot
  -f file           : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile
  -C "directive"    : process directive before reading config files
  -c "directive"    : process directive after reading config files
  -v                : show version number
  -V                : show compile settings
  -h                : list available command line options (this page)
  -l                : list compiled in modules
  -L                : list available configuration directives
  -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS : show parsed settings (currently only vhost settings)
  -t                : run syntax check for config files (with docroot check)
  -T                : run syntax check for config files (without docroot check)

In particular, the -X flag has been removed. You can get the same effect — running a single copy of Apache without any children being generated — with this:

httpd -D ONE_PROCESS

or:

httpd -D NO_DETACH

depending on the MPM used. The available flags for each MPM will be visible on running httpd with -?.