The Swing concept batteries use lithium ions. These batteries have a carbon
anode and a cathode made of transition metal oxides. Lithium ions are in constant
movement between these very thin electrodes in a non-aqueous electrolyte.
The Swing process takes place at normal temperatures and gives a very high
average cell voltage of 3.5 V, compared with cell voltages of approximately
1.2 V for nickel-cadmium and about 2.1 V for lead-acid or sodium-sulphur
batteries. The technology has now developed such that the following energy
densities are achievable:
• Gravimetric power density of 180 Wh/kg.
• Volumetric power density of 420 Wh/L. ...
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